語言是一種思維的框架，它形塑我們看世界的方式。不同的語言，代表的是不同的世界的切割方式。而「翻譯」—這個將一種語言轉換成另外一種語言的過程—不單只是語句的代換，是一種看世界方式的轉換，也就是一種思考的轉換。這也是為什麼語言跟文化有著分不開的關係的原因。
其實上面這樣的論述，我們在很多論述翻譯的文章裡都看過，但是我們在使用不同的語言時，是否曾經很實際地感知到這樣的轉換呢？
當人家問你，中文的「黃昏」翻譯成日文是什麼的時候，你是否會直接反映出「たそがれ」這個詞呢？但是，你有發感受它們意涵的不同嗎？「黃昏」顯示的是顏色和明亮程度；而「たそがれ」(那是誰呢？)，顯示的可能是一個「人」在這個時間，因看不清楚而感受到的不安。
在這堂課中，我們希望透過各樣的語詞，來探討在翻譯的過程中，我們究竟轉換了些什麼？也會閱讀一些到目前為止的許多文獻。

Language is a framework of thought that shapes the way we see the world. Different languages ​​represent different ways of cutting the world. And "translation" - the process of converting one language into another - is not just the replacement of sentences, but a change in the way you see the world, that is, a change in thinking. This is also the reason why language and culture are inseparable.
In fact, we have seen the above discussion in many articles discussing translation, but have we ever actually perceived such a transformation when using different languages?
When someone asks you what the Chinese word "twilight" is translated into Japanese, will you directly reflect the word "たそがれ"? However, have you ever felt the difference in their meanings? "Dusk" shows the color and brightness; and "たそがれ" (Who is that?) may show the uneasiness a "person" feels at this time because he cannot see clearly.
In this class, we hope to use various words to explore what exactly we transform during the translation process? I will also read some of the many literatures so far.

本課程的目的並不在訓練語言的「翻譯」技巧，而在藉探討「翻譯」這個行為所帶來的巨大影響，檢視「翻譯」如何影響或架構各語言族群的現代文化。

The purpose of this course is not to train language "translation" skills, but to explore the huge impact of the act of "translation" and examine how "translation" affects or structures the modern culture of various language groups.

1. 《翻譯、歷史與文化》Bassnett, Susan, and André Lefevere (eds.) (1990). Translation, History and Culture. London: Pinter.
2. 《翻譯、改寫與文學名聲的操縱》Lefevere, André (1992). Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London/New York: Routledge.
3. 《譯者的隱身：翻譯史》Venuti, Lawrence (1995). The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. London/New York: Routledge.
4. (日文版)ローレンス・ヴェヌティ（Lawrence Venuti）著 / 浅羽亮一等譯『翻訳のスキャンダル：差異の倫理にむけて』（フィルムアート社，2022年）
5. 《文化的傳播 / 文化的位置》Bhabha, Homi K. (1994). The Location of Culture. London/New York: Routledge.
6. 《定位翻譯：歷史、後結構主義與殖民語境》Niranjana, Tejaswini (1992). Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context. University of California Press.
7. 小松靖彦、田中祐輔編著『翻訳新論 日中の文字とことばの〈近さと遠さ〉を考える』（文学通信，2024年）
8. 柳父章『翻訳語成立事情』（岩波新書，1982年）
9. 丸山真男、加藤周一『翻訳と日本の近代』（岩波新書，1998年）
10. 青木保『文化の翻訳』（東京大学出版会，初版1978年 / 新裝版2012年）

1. "Translation, History and Culture" Bassnett, Susan, and André Lefevere (eds.) (1990). Translation, History and Culture. London: Pinter.
2. Lefevere, André (1992). Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London/New York: Routledge.
3. "The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation" Venuti, Lawrence (1995). The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. London/New York: Routledge.
4. (Japanese version) Written by Lawrence Venuti, Lawrence Venuti First-class translation by Ryo Asaba: "Translation of the Ethics of Difference" (フィルムアート社, 2022)
5. "The Diffusion of Culture/The Location of Culture" Bhabha, Homi K. (1994). The Location of Culture. London/New York: Routledge.
6. Niranjana, Tejaswini (1992). Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context. University of California Press.
7. Komatsu Yasuhiko and Tanaka Yusuke edited "New Theory of Translation: Japanese and Chinese Characters: Near and far" (Literary Communications, 2024)
8. Liu Fuzhang "The establishment of the translation of the language" (Iwanami Shinsho, 1982)
9. Masao Maruyama and Monday Kato's "Japan's Modern Times" (Iwanami Shinsho, 1998)
10. Yasushi Aoki's "Translation of Culture" (Tokyo University Press, first edition 1978 / new edition 2012)