實在論與反實在論是知識論中重要的二個哲學立場。本課程將在當代西方形上學與知識論的理論脈絡下，考察佛教哲學傳統中實在論與反實在論之爭。釐清不同層次的實在論主張，並據此重新審視佛教內部的相關諍論。在佛教傳統方面，本課程將以說一切有部所主張之直接實在論為實在論教材，並對照經量部的表徵實在論，以及中觀與唯識學派所提出的反實在論論證，分析其理論結構與辯證策略。課程將討論的重要議題包括：外在世界是否真實存在、共相是否具有實在性、實體在三世中是否皆有其存在性、顏色與形狀如何成為認識對像的條件，以及涅槃是否具有某種存有地位等核心哲學問題。透過當代分析哲學之概念工具與佛教思想傳統之論證的交互對讀，本課程旨在向同學介紹佛教哲學中實在論與反實在論的相關辯論，並促成其與當代哲學之間的建設性對話。

Realism and anti-realism are two important philosophical positions in the theory of knowledge. This course will examine the debate between realism and anti-realism in the Buddhist philosophical tradition within the theoretical context of contemporary Western metaphysics and epistemology. Clarify different levels of realist claims, and re-examine the relevant arguments within Buddhism accordingly. In terms of Buddhist tradition, this course will use the direct realism advocated by Sarvastivada as the realism teaching material, and analyze its theoretical structure and dialectical strategies by comparing it with the representational realism of the Sutras and the anti-realist arguments put forward by the Madhyamaka and Viṣṭhāna schools. Important topics that will be discussed in the course include: whether the external world really exists, whether universals have reality, whether entities have their existence in the three worlds, how color and shape become the conditions for cognitive objects, and whether Nirvana has a certain status of existence and other core philosophical issues. Through the interactive reading of the conceptual tools of contemporary analytical philosophy and the arguments of the Buddhist intellectual tradition, this course aims to introduce students to the debates between realism and anti-realism in Buddhist philosophy, and to promote a constructive dialogue between it and contemporary philosophy.

Stuart Brock, Edwin Mares, Realism and Anti-Realism, Acumen, 2007.
Collet Cox, “On the Possibility of a Nonexistent Object of Consciousness, JIABS.
Dhammajoti, Abhidharma Doctrines and Controversies on Perception (Centre of Buddhist Studies, 1997).
Dhammajoti, Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma (The Buddha-Dharma Centre of Hong Kong, 2015), Chapter 5, 131-159.
Mark Siderits, “Madhyamaka and Anti-Realism,” in Studies in Buddhist Philosophy, Oxford University, 2016. 《阿毘達磨俱舍論》卷20〈分別隨眠品〉，(CBETA, T29, no. 1558, p. 104, a25-p. 106, b8)。
阿毘達磨順正理論》卷50，(CBETA, T29, no. 1562, p. 621, c2-16)。
龍樹，《中論・觀有無品》
世親，《唯識二十論》
陳世賢，《「法體」與「時間」關係之研究---以《俱舍論》與《順正理論》對「三世實有」之論辯為主》，中國文化大學哲學研究所博士論文，2008。
那須円照，《アビダルマ佛教の研究---時間・空間・涅槃》（永田文昌堂，2009）。
小谷信千代，本庄良文，《俱舍論の原典研究---隨眠品》（東京：大藏，2007），頁111-148。
Louis de La Vallee Poussin/Gelong Lodrö Sangpo, tr., Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya of Vasubandhu: the treasury of the Abhidharma and its (Auto) commentary. Delhi, India : Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Ltd., 2012

Stuart Brock, Edwin Mares, Realism and Anti-Realism, Acumen, 2007.
Collet Cox, “On the Possibility of a Nonexistent Object of Consciousness, JIABS.
Dhammajoti, Abhidharma Doctrines and Controversies on Perception (Centre of Buddhist Studies, 1997).
Dhammajoti, Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma (The Buddha-Dharma Center of Hong Kong, 2015), Chapter 5, 131-159.
Mark Siderits, "Madhyamaka and Anti-Realism," in Studies in Buddhist Philosophy, Oxford University, 2016. "Abhidharmakasashastra" Volume 20 "Different Sleeping Products", (CBETA, T29, no. 1558, p. 104, a25-p. 106, b8).
Abhidharma Theory of Righteousness" Volume 50, (CBETA, T29, no. 1562, p. 621, c2-16).
Nagarjuna, "Middle Commentary - A View on Quality"
Vasubandhu, "Twenty Treatises on Consciousness Only"
Chen Shixian, "Research on the Relationship between "Dharma Body" and "Time"--Based on the Debate on "The Real Existence of Three Times" in "Kusha Lun" and "Shunzheng Theory"", PhD thesis, Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Culture University, 2008.
Enteru Nasu, "Research on Amman Buddhism—Time, Space, and Nirvana" (Nagata Bunchodo, 2009).
Nobuchiyo Otani, Yoshifumi Honjo, "Research on the Original Canon of Kusharon—Suimianpin" (Tokyo: Daizo, 2007), pp. 111-148.
Louis de La Vallee Poussin/Gelong Lodrö Sangpo, tr., Abhidharmakośa-Bhāṣya of Vasubandhu: the treasury of the Abhidharma and its (Auto) commentary. Delhi, India : Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Ltd., 2012