科學、技術與社會導論



授課教師：鄭斐文 副教授
fcheng@thu.edu.tw

一、課程簡介


科技指的是知識（know-how）。這知識是關於使用、設計、維修物體和硬體，它的傳播可能是視覺形象的，可能是觀察、練習、操作的，也可能是口傳教授與書寫閱讀的～～（Mackenzie and Wajcman, 1985）。

近幾年來，科學、技術與社會（（Science, Technology and Society，簡稱STS）研究與科技與醫療（STM）在歐洲與美國已經成為相當重要的學門。科技與社會的領域出現，受到知識社會學、科學史、科學哲學、醫療社會學與女性主義理論、後結構主義、後現代主義的影響，具有跨學科研究的性質。STS的科技與社會研究，強調分析科學技術與社會文化的交錯共構關係，以及並探討科技如何與社會生活相互影響。

本課程主要是在眾多STS研究主題中，將焦點關注於性別、科技與醫療。從性別的角度切入，STS 中許多與女性身體與心靈相關的主題已經有相當豐富的社會學研究，包括生殖科技、婦產科與助產士、疫苗、更年期問題、荷爾蒙、愛滋病運動、女性健康運動、環境污染與公共衛生等等。本課程將以STS（科技與社會）/STM(科技性別與醫療)作為主要的探討領域，在主題概念的部分將會討論（生物）醫療化（(bio)medicalization）、及科技的社會建構論、行動者網絡理論等。

本課程第一部分，將重點介紹SSK (social Studies of Knowledge)、強綱領、ANT(行動者網路理論)、社會世界理論等STS理論的不同觀點。由於對STS研究有相當強的經驗研究的基礎，因此本課程也希望透過對於科技議題的社會研究與理論，瞭解不同的行動者（人與非人）如何形塑科技使之得以普遍的使用，並且在動態的構成、轉譯、實作中出現。再者，從STS理論中，社會與科技有哪些關係？第二部分將討論性別、醫療與STS，尤其以愛滋病運動與性別與科技研究為主要案例，近一步了解STS觀點如何運用在具體的社會案例上。

由於考量同學論文寫作的需要，因此本課程特別教導同學從他人的經典研究中，開展自己研究的方法。因此，本課程理論僅佔二分之一，許多科技與醫療案例的研讀，目的是引導同學，藉由研讀來學習如何活用理論與經驗分析。同學不一定需要全面瞭解這些主題的科學細節，重點在於學習「如何」去做科技與社會研究，並且如何將傅柯、知識社會學等理論架構，活用於研究之中。

Introduction to Science, Technology and Society



Instructor: Zheng Feiwen, Associate Professor
fcheng@thu.edu.tw

1. Course Introduction


Technology refers to knowledge (know-how). This knowledge is about using, designing, and repairing objects and hardware. Its transmission may be through visual images, observation, practice, and operation, or it may be taught orally and written and read (Mackenzie and Wajcman, 1985).

In recent years, Science, Technology and Society (Science, Technology and Society (STS) research and technology and medicine (STM) have become very important disciplines in Europe and the United States. The field of science and technology and society has emerged, influenced by sociology of knowledge, history of science, philosophy of science, medical sociology and feminist theory, post-structuralism, and post-modernism, and has the nature of interdisciplinary research. The study of science and technology and society in STS emphasizes the analysis of the intertwined and co-constructed relationship between science, technology and social culture, and explores how technology interacts with social life.

This course mainly focuses on gender, technology and medical care among the many STS research topics. From a gender perspective, many topics related to women's bodies and minds in STS have already received considerable sociological research, including reproductive technology, obstetrics and gynecology and midwives, vaccines, menopausal issues, hormones, AIDS movement, women's health movement, environmental pollution and public health, etc. This course will take STS (Technology and Society)/STM (Technology Gender and Medicine) as the main area of discussion. In the theme concept part, (bio)medicalization (bio)medicalization, social construction theory of technology, actor network theory, etc. will be discussed.

The first part of this course will focus on different perspectives of STS theories such as SSK (social Studies of Knowledge), strong program, ANT (actor network theory), and social world theory. Since STS research has a strong foundation in empirical research, this course also hopes to understand how different actors (human and non-human) shape technology so that it can be widely used through social research and theory on technological issues, and emerge in dynamic formation, translation, and implementation. Furthermore, from the perspective of STS theory, what is the relationship between society and technology? The second part will discuss gender, medical care and STS, especially taking the AIDS movement and gender and technology research as the main cases, to gain a closer understanding of how the STS perspective is applied to specific social cases.

Considering the needs of students in writing papers, this course specifically teaches students how to conduct their own research based on other people's classic research. Therefore, theory accounts for only one-half of this course. The purpose of studying many technology and medical cases is to guide students to learn how to apply theory and empirical analysis through study. Students do not necessarily need to fully understand the scientific details of these topics. The focus is on learning "how" to conduct research on technology and society, and how to apply theoretical frameworks such as Foucault and the sociology of knowledge to research.

二、主要讀物：
1. Collins, H. and Pinch, T. 著，李尚仁譯 (2016)。《科倫醫師吐真言：醫學爭議教我們的二三事》。左岸出版。
2. 吳嘉苓、傅大為、雷祥麟（合編）(2004)。STS讀本Ⅰ、Ⅱ《科技渴望性別》、《科技渴望社會》。群學出版社。
4. 成令方（主編），傅大為、林宜平（合編）(2008)，《醫療與社會共舞》。群學。
5. 安瑪莉・摩爾（Annemarie Mol）著，吳嘉苓、陳嘉新、黃于玲、謝新誼、蕭昭君譯（2018），《照護的邏輯》。讀書共和國。
6. Sismondo著，林宗德譯（2007），《科學與技術研究導論》。
7. 王文基、王秀雲、郭文華編（2012），《意外多重奏：STS 如何重組真相》。行人出版社。
8. 藤垣裕子編，王珮瑩譯，林宗德校訂，2015，《透視科技與社會的九道工法》。群學。



***進階讀物：

＊Clarke, Adele E., Shum, Janet K., Mamo, L., Fosket, J. R. and Fishman, J. R.(2010). Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Helath and Illness in the U.S. Duke University.
＊Oudshoorn, Nelly (1994). Beyond the Natural Body: An Archeology of Sex Hormones . London: Routledge.
＊湯瑪斯˙庫恩著，王道還譯（2004），《科學革命的結構》。遠流。
＊Hess, David (1997). Science Studies: An Advanced Introduction. NYU.
(以下簡稱SS)

2. Main readings:
1. Collins, H. and Pinch, T., translated by Li Shangren (2016). "Dr. Colen Speaks the Truth: Two or Three Things Medical Controversies Teach Us." Left Bank Publishing.
2. Wu Jialing, Fu Dawei, Lei Xianglin (editors) (2004). STS Readers I and II "Technology Desires Gender" and "Technology Desires Society". Qunxue Publishing House.
4. Cheng Lingfang (Editor-in-Chief), Fu Dawei, Lin Yiping (Co-Editors) (2008), "Dance of Medical Care and Society". Group study.
5. "The Logic of Care" written by Annemarie Mol and translated by Wu Jialing, Chen Jiaxin, Huang Yuling, Xie Xinyi, and Xiao Zhaojun (2018). Reading Republic.
6. "Introduction to Science and Technology Research" by Sismondo, translated by Lin Zongde (2007).
7. Wang Wenji, Wang Xiuyun, and Guo Wenhua (eds. 2012), "Accidental Duo: How STS Reorganizes the Truth." Pedestrian Press.
8. Edited by Fujigaki Yuko, translated by Wang Peiying, and revised by Lin Zongde, 2015, "Nine Engineering Methods in Perspective of Technology and Society". Group study.



***Advanced reading:

＊Clarke, Adele E., Shum, Janet K., Mamo, L., Fosket, J. R. and Fishman, J. R.(2010). Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Helath and Illness in the U.S. Duke University.
＊Oudshoorn, Nelly (1994). Beyond the Natural Body: An Archeology of Sex Hormones. London: Routledge.
＊Thomas Kuhn, translated by Wang Daohuan (2004), "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions". Far flow.
＊Hess, David (1997). Science Studies: An Advanced Introduction. NYU.
(hereinafter referred to as SS)