（一）比較「福祉國家」與「福祉社會」之差異
（二）瞭解「日本型福祉社會」之理論、政策及作法
（三）分析「日本型永續性、創造性的福祉社會」之發展途徑與「開發福祉」之作法
（四）探究「台灣型福祉社會與開發福祉」之多元可行性發展(1) Comparison of the difference between "welfare countries" and "welfare society"
(II) Understand the theories, policies and practices of "Japanese Welfare Society".
(III) Analyze the development path of "Japanese permanent and creative welfare society" and the practice of "developing welfare"
(IV) Explore the diverse feasibility development of "Taiwan-type welfare society and development welfare"
1970年代初期，日本因高度的經濟實力，正當全面性地發展福祉國家模式之同時，卻也面臨到西方先進諸國所引發的「福祉國家危機（the welfare state in crisis）」，使其不得不引以為鑒，且為規避風險而選擇「福祉社會」之發展路徑。因此，在日本，「福祉國家」與「福祉社會」幾乎是同時出現，且須並存於同一時期之政策思維與制度作法。在日本，「福祉社會」一詞，是從英語welfare society的相關著作中，直接翻譯而來，強調社區居民自主、互助，並自發性地發展福祉服務。
「開發福祉（developmental welfare）」為日文原文，在此所謂的「開發（developmental）」具有兩種意思。其一，為在既有的福祉體系及其相關社會資源的基礎上，開發（develop）新型態的福祉；其二，為社區在經濟層面上活躍地發展之同時，使其在社會層面上亦得以發展（develop）。因此，所謂「開發福祉」，意即在社區中，恢復人與人之間的關係之時，也同時拓展易被市場排除的人參加社區經濟活動，並發展在「制度夾縫（制度の狭間）之人」的相互支援系統與方法。換言之，在既有制度無法發揮功能的領域，或是包容/支援被制度及市場忽視的人們，皆可稱為「開發福祉」。以支援方法而言，「開發福祉」是透過人與人之間關係的再建構，並恢復以「人」作為社區主體性的力量（如：生活、工作及社會參與等），挑戰社區在經濟上、社會上的中觀社會空間領域，其與傳統性社會工作及發展性社會工作不同。
本課程的目的在於探討「日本型福祉社會」的概念及意涵，並透過案例瞭解日本的「開發福祉」如何發展、實踐，以其作為日後台灣在援助「制度夾縫之人」及發展「福祉社會」之參考、借鑒。
In the early 1970s, Japan was developing the welfare state model in an all-round way because of its high economic strength, and also faced the "welfare state in crisis" caused by Western advanced countries, forcing it to take it as a pretext and choose the development path of "welfare society" to avoid risks. Therefore, in Japan, the "welfare state" and the "welfare society" appear almost at the same time, and must exist in the same period of policy thinking and institutional practices. In Japan, the word "Welfare Society" is translated directly from related works in the English welfare society, emphasizing the independence and mutual assistance of residents in the community, and developing welfare services on their own.
"developmental welfare" is the original Japanese text, and the so-called "developmental" here has two meanings. First, develop new types of welfare based on the existing welfare system and its related social resources; second, develop the community on the social level while developing lively on the economic level. Therefore, the so-called "developing welfare" means that when restoring relationships between people in the community, it also expands the mutual support system and methods of people who are easily excluded from the market to participate in community economic activities, and develops the "persons of the system's narrowest system)". In other words, in areas where existing systems cannot function, or tolerate/support those who are ignored by systems and markets, they can be called "developing welfare." In terms of support methods, "developing well-being" is a reconstruction of the relationship between people and restore the power of community subjectivity (such as life, work, social participation, etc.), challenging the social space in the economic and social areas of the community, which is different from traditional social work and developmental social work.
The purpose of this course is to explore the concept and implications of the "Japanese welfare society", and to understand how Japan's "development welfare" can develop and implement it through cases, using it as a reference and borrowing for Taiwan to assist the "system clerk" and develop the "wellness society".
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| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂表現（出席、答問及討論等）課堂表現（出席、答問及討論等） Classroom presentation (attendance, answering questions and discussions, etc.) |
30 | |
| 期中書面報告期中書面報告 Midterm written report |
30 | |
| 期末書面報告期末書面報告 Final period written report |
40 |
