情感常被形容為非理性的心理狀態。舉例來說，我們可能會說某人「因為恐懼而喪失理智」、「理智被憤怒所淹沒」。然而，情感與理性真的應該被視為對立的現象嗎？為了探索情感與理性之間的可能關聯，我們將檢視沙特(Jean-Paul Sartre)在《情緒理論綱要》中的想法，並閱讀相關思想家的著作，以便將沙特的想法置入哲學對話的脈絡之中。具體來說，課程的前半部分將討論沙特所批評的三位思想家：詹姆士(William James)、賈內(Pierre Janet)、佛洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)。我們將尤其著重佛洛伊德的思想，並考慮Jonathan Lear對其深具哲學性的詮釋。這些討論讓我們仔細探究情感與身體、行動、無意識等現象的關係。在課程的後半部分，我們則考慮沙特自己所提出的論述，並在其後考慮對沙特有重要影響的胡塞爾(Edmund Husserl)。沙特與胡塞爾都強調意識，但兩者對於情感在意識中扮演的角色提出了非常不同的描述。對沙特來說，情感與自由有關；對胡塞爾來說，情感則與對價值的體認有關。這些想法與我們在課程第一部份中看到的想法形成鮮明對比，提供了豐富的機會讓我們反思情感與理性、非理性之間的潛在連結。

Emotions are often described as irrational mental states. For example, we might say that someone is "losing his mind with fear" or "his mind is overwhelmed by anger." However, should emotion and reason really be viewed as opposing phenomena? To explore possible connections between emotion and reason, we will examine the ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre in "Outline of a Theory of Emotions" and read the works of relevant thinkers in order to place Sartre's ideas within the context of philosophical dialogue. Specifically, the first half of the course will discuss three thinkers criticized by Saudi Arabia: William James, Pierre Janet, and Sigmund Freud. We will focus particularly on Freud's thought and consider Jonathan Lear's deeply philosophical interpretation of it. These discussions allow us to carefully explore the relationship between emotions and phenomena such as the body, action, and the unconscious. In the second half of the course, we consider the arguments put forward by Saudi Arabia, and then consider Edmund Husserl, who had an important influence on Saudi Arabia. Both Sartre and Husserl emphasize consciousness, but they offer very different descriptions of the role of emotion in consciousness. For Sartre, emotion is related to freedom; for Husserl, emotion is related to the recognition of value. These ideas contrast sharply with those we saw in the first part of the course, and provide rich opportunities to reflect on the underlying connections between emotion and rationality and irrationality.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1994. Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions. Translated by Philip Mairet. New York: Routledge.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1994. Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions. Translated by Philip Mairet. New York: Routledge.