情感常被形容為非理性的心理狀態。舉例來說，我們可能會說某人「因為恐懼而喪失理智」、「理智被憤怒所淹沒」。然而，情感與理性真的應該被視為對立的現象嗎？為了探索情感與理性之間的可能關聯，我們將檢視沙特(Jean-Paul Sartre)在《情緒理論綱要》中的想法，並閱讀相關思想家的著作，以便將沙特的想法置入哲學對話的脈絡之中。具體來說，課程的前半部分將討論沙特所批評的三位思想家：詹姆士(William James)、賈內(Pierre Janet)、佛洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)。我們將尤其著重佛洛伊德的思想，並考慮Jonathan Lear對其深具哲學性的詮釋。這些討論讓我們仔細探究情感與身體、行動、無意識等現象的關係。在課程的後半部分，我們則考慮沙特自己所提出的論述，並在其後考慮對沙特有重要影響的胡塞爾(Edmund Husserl)。沙特與胡塞爾都強調意識，但兩者對於情感在意識中扮演的角色提出了非常不同的描述。對沙特來說，情感與自由有關；對胡塞爾來說，情感則與對價值的體認有關。這些想法與我們在課程第一部份中看到的想法形成鮮明對比，提供了豐富的機會讓我們反思情感與理性、非理性之間的潛在連結。

Emotions are often described as irrational psychological state. For example, we might say that someone “has lost his mind because of fear” or “will be overwhelmed by anger.” However, should emotion and reason really be regarded as opposite phenomena? To explore the possible connection between emotion and reason, we will examine the ideas of Saudi Arabia in "Emotional Theory" and read the works of relevant thinkers in order to put Saudi ideas into the ties of philosophical dialogue. Specifically, the first half of the course will discuss the three thinkers criticized by Saudi Arabia: William James, Pierre Janet, and Sigmund Freud. We will particularly focus on Freud's thoughts and consider Jonathan Lear's philosophical comments about it. These discussions allow us to carefully explore the relationship between emotions and physical, behavior, unconsciousness and other phenomena. In the second half of the course, we consider Saudi Arabia's own arguments and later on, Edmund Husserl, which has an important influence on Saudi Arabia. Both Saudi Arabia and Huthier strongly expressed awareness, but the two made very different descriptions of the role emotions played in awareness. For Saudi Arabia, emotion is related to freedom; for Houthir, emotion is related to the physical understanding of value. These ideas form a clear contrast with the ideas we saw in the first part of the course, providing rich opportunities to reflect on the potential connection between emotions and rationality and irrationality.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1994. Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions. Translated by Philip Mairet. New York: Routledge.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1994. Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions. Translated by Philip Mairet. New York: Routledge.