人是有情緒 (emotions) 的動物，會感到喜悅、悲傷、憤怒、嫉妒、恐懼、或憎恨等。對於這些情緒我們大概都不陌生，透過反省和觀察，可以對它們做一些描述。首先，情緒通常涉及一組身體上的變化。例如，憤怒經常伴隨攢眉、咬牙切齒、和心跳加速等，憤怒的人能感覺到這些身體變化。其次，情緒有可能影響我們的認知，包括注意力、記憶、和決策等。例如，當一個人感到生氣，他往往無法將注意力從被冒犯的情境中移開。有時候情緒會提供動機，促使我們採取行動，像是我們可能因為感激而買一束花，因為沮喪而徹夜播放 Creep，或者因為驕傲而炫耀。此外，情緒似乎和評價密切相關，無論是對於環境的評價還是對於自我的評價。當自己的表現不如預期，被賦予負面評價，我們可能會感到羞愧。
身體變化、感覺、認知、動機、與評價，這些元素是情緒所共有的嗎？或者之中有哪些是情緒的本質的構成性元素？為了了解情緒是什麼，我們將介紹三個主要的情緒理論，分別是感覺理論 (feeling theories)、動機理論 (motivational theories)、和評價理論 (evaluative theories)。一個人因害怕人群而離開派對，可能會錯過結交新朋友的機會。如果他在深山裡因害怕而往回走，可能幸運地避開前方的熊。情緒之於我們究竟是好是壞？情緒在我們的生活中扮演了怎樣的角色？我們將考慮幾個特定的情緒，探究它們的性質和功能，這些情緒包括愛 (love)、自豪 (pride)、同情 (sympathy)、尷尬 (embarrassment)、悲傷 (sadness)、驚訝 (surprise)、厭惡 (disgust)、和後悔 (regret) 等。影響著我們的生活的情緒，我們能控制或調節它們嗎？我們要怎麼去控制或調節它們呢？音樂 (music) 和小說 (fiction) 被認為是可以誘發情緒和控制情緒的形式，我們將就此進行討論。
People are sentient beings, and they will feel joy, sadness, anger, jealousy, fear, or hatred. We are probably familiar with these emotions. Through reflection and observation, we can describe them. First, emotions usually involve a set of changes in the body. For example, anger is often accompanied by eyebrows, grinding teeth, and accelerating heartbeat. Angry people can feel these changes in their bodies. Secondly, emotion may affect our perception, including attention, memory, and decisions. For example, when a person feels angry, he often cannot move his attention away from an offended situation. Sometimes emotions provide an engine that prompts us to take action, like we might buy a bouquet of flowers for gratitude, play Creep overnight due to frustration, or show off for pride. In addition, sentiment seems to be closely related to the evaluation, whether it is the evaluation of the environment or the evaluation of the self. We may feel ashamed when our performance is not as good as we expected and we are being paid a negative review.
Are these elements common to emotions, perception, perception, motivation, and evaluation? Or are there any constitutive elements of the essence of emotion? To understand what emotion is, we will introduce three main emotion theories, namely perception theories, motor theories, and evaluation theories. A person who leaves the party because he is afraid of the crowd may miss the opportunity to make new friends. If he walked back in the deep mountains due to fear, he might be lucky enough to avoid the bear ahead. Is the emotion good or bad for us? What role does emotion play in our lives? We will consider several specific emotions and explore their nature and functions, including love, pride, sympathy, embarrassment, sadness, surprise, disgust, and regret. Can we control or adjust the emotions that affect our lives? How do we control or adjust them? Music and novels are considered to be forms that can induce emotions and control emotions, and we will discuss this.
Scarantino, A. (Ed.) (2024). Emotion Theory: The Routledge Comprehensive Guide. Volume I: History, Contemporary Theories, and Key Elements. Routledge.
Scarantino, A. (Ed.) (2024). Emotion Theory: The Routledge Comprehensive Guide. Volume II: Theories of Specific Emotions and Major Theoretical Challenges. Routledge.
Tappolet, C. (2023). Philosophy of Emotion: A Contemporary Introduction. Routledge.
Scarantino, A. (Ed.) (2024). Emotion Theory: The Routledge Comprehensive Guide. Volume I: History, Contemporary Theories, and Key Elements. Routledge.
Scarantino, A. (Ed.) (2024). Emotion Theory: The Routledge Comprehensive Guide. Volume II: Theories of Specific Emotions and Major Theoretical Challenges. Routledge.
Tappolet, C. (2023). Philosophy of Emotion: A Contemporary Introduction. Routledge.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂參與課堂參與 Class Participation |
20 | 請多參與討論。 |
| 課堂口頭報告課堂口頭報告 Classroom Head Report |
30 | 導讀當週教材，或者選擇一個與當週內容相關的主題做報告，報告內容不限於課堂指定教材。 |
| 期末論文期末論文 Final discussion |
40 | 約5000字。 |
| 自主學習 (第17、18週) 自主學習 (第17、18週) Independent Learning (weeks 17 and 18) |
10 | 自主學習並完成所指定的練習。 |
