近代建築史（二）以「自然」為貫穿全課程的核心主題，從19世紀末到21世紀初，探討建築如何在現代性的歷史條件下，重新建構人與自然的關係，並以此作為空間想像與設計策略的來源。課程特別強調「建築師如何思考自然」這一議題，並以建築師本人的論述與自我書寫為出發點，作為閱讀與討論的基礎。同學們將透過閱讀建築師的原文、自傳、演講或設計說明，直接進入建築思想的生產現場，從思想文本反推設計成果，並對建築史做出批判性理解與再詮釋。
課程的第一部分，我們將聚焦於兩位現代建築發展的關鍵人物──萊特（Frank Lloyd Wright）與柯比意（Le Corbusier）。從《有機建築》與《廣畝城市》的設計理念，到《現代建築五原則》與《明日城市》，我們將閱讀其原始文本，理解他們如何從自然出發建構空間、倫理與社會觀。萊特追求與環境共生的空間形構，柯比意則透過抽象自然的幾何語彙追尋現代精神的秩序，兩者為20世紀建築自然觀奠定了兩種基本模型。另一方面，本次課程也將挑戰導入表現主義建築師的觀點，如孟德爾松（Erich Mendelsohn）與陶特（Burno Taut ），探討他們如何從自然形態與宇宙象徵中提取建築語言，發展出充滿動態與情感性的空間表現。
如同近代建築史（一）對日本與中國近代建築發展投以關心，本課程也將持續關注非西方建築師如何藉由論述進入全球建築語境，尤其是當代普立茲獎對自然、永續與文化差異性的肯認與強調。因此，課程的第二部分則轉向戰後至當代日本建築師的實踐，包括堀口捨己、篠原一男、安藤忠雄、妹島和世與西澤立衛等。他們的建築與自然的相處，提供我們有別西方價值觀的全新視野──從堀口在現代建築浪潮襲來之際所發表的「建築中非都市的事物」、安藤對「自然」的關懷以及SANAA以「空氣」、「曖昧」為名詞的設計表述，構成一條東亞特有的自然觀與建築語彙之發展脈絡。我們將閱讀他們的設計文本，思考日本建築如何回應環境課題及在全球化壓力下所呈現的在地性與普世性。
總結來說，近代建築史（二）不再以斷代敘述為主，而是透過主題性的探究與建築師的觀點切入，引導同學從思想、作品、技術與語彙的角度，反覆探問：在不同歷史與文化語境中，建築是如何理解自然、建構自然，甚至成為自然的一部分？本課程亦將反思建築史書寫的地理框架與知識架構，嘗試從全球史的視角重新審視「近代建築」的概念。課程關注的不僅是作品（建築物），更是一種設計操作的痕跡、一種對時代精神的理解與回應。在此立場下，如何以跨地域、跨文化的比較視野，探討建築對自然的回應，也成為本課程的核心關懷。不僅講述建築風格與時代變遷，更希望透過「閱讀建築師的論述」，讓同學理解設計如何與思想交織，如何在歷史條件中生成，進而培養自身對建築的批判思考與創作洞見。
Modern Architecture History (II) Taking "nature" as the core theme of the entire course, from the end of the 19th century to the early 21st century, it explores how architecture reconstructs the relationship between man and nature under the modern historical conditions, and uses this as the source of spatial imagination and design strategies. The course specifically emphasizes the topic of "How architects think about nature", and uses the architect's own statements and self-written writing as the basis for reading and discussion. Students will directly enter the production site of architectural ideas through reading the original text, self-translation, lecture or design explanation of the architect, and directly introduce the design results from the ideological text, and make a critical understanding and re-interpretation of architectural history.
In the first part of the course, we will focus on two key figures in the development of modern construction - Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier. From the design philosophy of Organic Architecture and The Broad City to the Five Principles of Modern Architecture and The City of Tomorrow, we will read its original text to understand how they develop architectural space, ethics and social views from nature. Leit pursues the spatial structure that symbiotically with the environment, and Kirby intends to pursue the order of modern spirit through the abstract nature of the word "abstract nature", and the two laid two basic models for the natural view of 20th century architecture. On the other hand, this course will also introduce challenges to expressive architects’ views, such as Erich Mendelsohn and Burno Taut, exploring how they extract architectural language from natural forms and cosmic symbols, and develop spatial representations full of dynamic and emotionality.
Just as Modern Architecture History (I) has paid attention to the development of modern architecture in Japan and China, this course will continue to focus on how non-Western architects enter the global architecture through arguments, especially the contemporary Puliz Awards' recognition and emphasis on the differences between nature, perpetual and cultural. Therefore, the second part of the course turns to the realization of contemporary Japanese architects after the war, including Horiguchi Sukiko, Kazuo Kazuhara, Tadao Ando, Meishima, and Shizuo Riki. Their buildings and nature are in harmony with nature, providing us with a new perspective of Western value--the "African Urban Things in Architecture" published by Horiguchi in the International Wave of Modern Architecture, Ando's concern for "nature" and SANAA's design expression under the noun "air" and "abnormal" form a unique natural view and architectural development link. We will read their design texts to think about how Japanese architecture responds to environmental subjects and local and universality presented by global pressures.
In summary, modern architectural history (II) no longer focuses on dissertations, but instead uses thematic exploration and the viewpoints of architects to guide students to repeatedly explore from the perspectives of ideas, works, techniques and language: In different historical and cultural contexts, how does architecture understand nature, construct nature, and even become a part of nature? This course will also reflect on the geographical framework and intellectual structure of architectural history, and try to re-examine the concept of "modern architecture" from the perspective of global history. The course focuses not only on works (architecture), but also on the traces of design operations and an understanding and response to the spirit of the times. On this occasion, how to explore the response of buildings to nature with a cross-regional and cross-cultural comparative perspective has also become the core concern of this course. Not only does it describe the changes in architecture style and the times, but it also hopes that through "reading the architectural essays" by students, students can understand how designs interact with ideas and how they are generated in historical conditions, and thus cultivate their own critical thinking and creative insights on the architecture.
本門課程裡的建築，是一種操作，也是一種理論的反思。
本課程會對照建築設計的技藝性，講解各代建築家，如何挪用當代其它領域的知識、技術與經驗，思考各種傳統或當代的問題，發展出對應的操作體系；幫助同學們，學習這樣的實戰經驗，在操作面上，得到一些處理眼前問題的啟發。無論有意識與否，所有建築家都必須預設某種「建構建築作品形式 … 與其社會背景或脈絡間之關係」的「理論」，才能連結操作與脈絡，建構自己專業實踐的意義。討論不同實例如何連接脈絡與操作，會有助於我們，反推連接自己的專業，與真實世界的「理論」。根據以上所述，我們把【近代建築史】課程的具體內容，區分為以下三個主題 ──
1. 建築與現代的脈絡 : 由歷史的角度，檢視全球或本地建築發展課題的相關脈絡。
2. 現代建築思考與操作 : 就流派、人物、作品與文獻，介紹近代建築的思考、操作、構築。
3. 知識論與史觀 : 對照現代認知與機制層面的脈絡，反思、建構自己的理論。
在第一個學期裡，我們會由案例的討論，輔以概論性的操作解說，幫助剛開始練習實質建築設計的二年級同學，由「讀建築」入手，逐步熟悉設計概念與實質操作的複雜對應。在列為選修的第二個學期裡，我們會針對一些近代建築發展歷程裡的專題，做比較深入的討論；希望選修的同學能因而思考操作與脈絡之間的多重關聯，認識自己所為，在現實世界裡所扮演的角色。除期中、期末考以外，兩個學期都各有三次書面報告；原則上，週二晚上有三小時課外討論時間。選修本課程的同學，必須修過【建築設計習作 (四)】。
The buildings in this course are an operation and a reflection on theory.
This course will compare the technical nature of the architecture design and explain how various generations of architects can use knowledge, technology and experience from other contemporary fields, think about various traditional or contemporary problems, and develop corresponding operating systems; help students learn such practical experiences, and get some triggers to deal with current problems in the operation. Regardless of whether it is intentional or not, all architects must pre-design a "theory" of "constructing the form of architectural works... and their social background or connection" in order to connect operations and connections and construct their own professional meanings. Discussing how different examples of how to connect connections and operations will help us to reversely connect our own profession and the "theory" of the real world. According to the above, we divide the specific content of the [History of Modern Architecture] course into the following three topics ──
1. The connection between architecture and modernity: From a historical perspective, we can view the relevant connections of global or local building development courses.
2. Thinking and operation of modern architecture: Introducing the thinking, operation and structure of modern architecture based on genres, characters, works and literature.
3. Knowledge and historical view: reflect on and construct your own theory based on the connection between modern cognitive and mechanism levels.
In the first period, we will discuss the case and explain it in a generalized operation to help second-year students who have just started practicing the design of quality architecture. Starting from "Reading Architecture", we will gradually become familiar with the complex correspondence between design concepts and quality operations. In the second academic period listed as the selection, we will discuss more in-depth topics in some modern construction development processes; we hope that the students who choose to study can therefore think about the multiple relationships between operation and connection, and recognize the role they play in the real world. Except for mid-term and final exams, there are three written reports in each of the two academic periods; in principle, there is three hours of extracurricular discussion time on Tuesday night. Students who choose this course must pass [Construction Design Works (IV)].
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Tafuri, Manfredo, 2010 / 1980 / 1976, Theories and History of Architecture , 4th Edition, Zhengshi Time Translation, Beijing: China Construction Industry Press.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 平常成績平常成績 Normal achievements |
65 | |
| 期末報告期末報告 Final report |
35 |
