近代建築史（二）以「自然」為貫穿全課程的核心主題，從19世紀末到21世紀初，探討建築如何在現代性的歷史條件下，重新建構人與自然的關係，並以此作為空間想像與設計策略的來源。課程特別強調「建築師如何思考自然」這一議題，並以建築師本人的論述與自我書寫為出發點，作為閱讀與討論的基礎。同學們將透過閱讀建築師的原文、自傳、演講或設計說明，直接進入建築思想的生產現場，從思想文本反推設計成果，並對建築史做出批判性理解與再詮釋。

課程的第一部分，我們將聚焦於兩位現代建築發展的關鍵人物──萊特（Frank Lloyd Wright）與柯比意（Le Corbusier）。從《有機建築》與《廣畝城市》的設計理念，到《現代建築五原則》與《明日城市》，我們將閱讀其原始文本，理解他們如何從自然出發建構空間、倫理與社會觀。萊特追求與環境共生的空間形構，柯比意則透過抽象自然的幾何語彙追尋現代精神的秩序，兩者為20世紀建築自然觀奠定了兩種基本模型。另一方面，本次課程也將挑戰導入表現主義建築師的觀點，如孟德爾松（Erich Mendelsohn）與陶特（Burno Taut ），探討他們如何從自然形態與宇宙象徵中提取建築語言，發展出充滿動態與情感性的空間表現。

如同近代建築史（一）對日本與中國近代建築發展投以關心，本課程也將持續關注非西方建築師如何藉由論述進入全球建築語境，尤其是當代普立茲獎對自然、永續與文化差異性的肯認與強調。因此，課程的第二部分則轉向戰後至當代日本建築師的實踐，包括堀口捨己、篠原一男、安藤忠雄、妹島和世與西澤立衛等。他們的建築與自然的相處，提供我們有別西方價值觀的全新視野──從堀口在現代建築浪潮襲來之際所發表的「建築中非都市的事物」、安藤對「自然」的關懷以及SANAA以「空氣」、「曖昧」為名詞的設計表述，構成一條東亞特有的自然觀與建築語彙之發展脈絡。我們將閱讀他們的設計文本，思考日本建築如何回應環境課題及在全球化壓力下所呈現的在地性與普世性。

總結來說，近代建築史（二）不再以斷代敘述為主，而是透過主題性的探究與建築師的觀點切入，引導同學從思想、作品、技術與語彙的角度，反覆探問：在不同歷史與文化語境中，建築是如何理解自然、建構自然，甚至成為自然的一部分？本課程亦將反思建築史書寫的地理框架與知識架構，嘗試從全球史的視角重新審視「近代建築」的概念。課程關注的不僅是作品（建築物），更是一種設計操作的痕跡、一種對時代精神的理解與回應。在此立場下，如何以跨地域、跨文化的比較視野，探討建築對自然的回應，也成為本課程的核心關懷。不僅講述建築風格與時代變遷，更希望透過「閱讀建築師的論述」，讓同學理解設計如何與思想交織，如何在歷史條件中生成，進而培養自身對建築的批判思考與創作洞見。

Modern Architectural History (2) takes "nature" as the core theme throughout the course. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it explores how architecture re-constructs the relationship between humans and nature under the historical conditions of modernity, and uses this as a source of spatial imagination and design strategies. The course particularly emphasizes the topic of "how architects think about nature" and takes the architect's own narrative and self-writing as the starting point as the basis for reading and discussion. Students will directly enter the production site of architectural ideas by reading original texts, autobiographies, speeches or design descriptions of architects, infer design results from ideological texts, and make critical understanding and reinterpretation of architectural history.

In the first part of the course, we will focus on two key figures in the development of modern architecture - Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier. From the design concepts of "Organic Architecture" and "Broad Acre City" to "Five Principles of Modern Architecture" and "Tomorrow's Cities", we will read their original texts and understand how they construct space, ethics and social concepts based on nature. Wright pursued a spatial structure that was symbiotic with the environment, while Corbyn pursued the order of the modern spirit through the geometric vocabulary of abstract nature. The two laid two basic models for the natural view of architecture in the 20th century. On the other hand, this course will also challenge the introduction of expressionist architects, such as Erich Mendelsohn and Burno Taut, to explore how they extracted architectural language from natural forms and cosmic symbols to develop dynamic and emotional spatial expressions.

Just as Modern Architectural History (1) paid attention to the development of modern architecture in Japan and China, this course will also continue to pay attention to how non-Western architects enter the global architectural context through discourse, especially the contemporary Pulitzer Prize's recognition and emphasis on nature, sustainability and cultural differences. Therefore, the second part of the course turns to the practice of Japanese architects from postwar to contemporary times, including Horiguchi Kazuo, Shinohara Kazuo, Tadao Ando, ​​Sejima Kazuyo and Nishizawa Ryue, etc. The relationship between their architecture and nature provides us with a new perspective that is different from Western values. From Horiguchi's "non-urban things in architecture" when the wave of modern architecture hit, Ando's concern for "nature" and SANAA's design expressions using the terms "air" and "ambiguity", they form a development context of East Asia's unique view of nature and architectural vocabulary. We will read their design texts and think about how Japanese architecture responds to environmental issues and its locality and universality under the pressure of globalization.

In summary, Modern Architectural History (II) no longer focuses on chronological narratives, but instead uses thematic exploration and architects’ perspectives to guide students to repeatedly explore from the perspectives of ideas, works, techniques and vocabulary: In different historical and cultural contexts, how does architecture understand nature, construct nature, and even become a part of nature? This course will also reflect on the geographical framework and knowledge structure of architectural history writing, and try to re-examine the concept of "modern architecture" from the perspective of global history. The course focuses not only on works (buildings), but also on traces of design operations and understanding and response to the spirit of the times. From this standpoint, how to explore the response of architecture to nature from a cross-regional and cross-cultural comparative perspective has become the core concern of this course. It not only talks about architectural styles and changes of the times, but also hopes that through "reading architects' discussions", students can understand how design is intertwined with ideas and how it is generated under historical conditions, thereby cultivating their own critical thinking and creative insights about architecture.

本門課程裡的建築，是一種操作，也是一種理論的反思。

本課程會對照建築設計的技藝性，講解各代建築家，如何挪用當代其它領域的知識、技術與經驗，思考各種傳統或當代的問題，發展出對應的操作體系；幫助同學們，學習這樣的實戰經驗，在操作面上，得到一些處理眼前問題的啟發。無論有意識與否，所有建築家都必須預設某種「建構建築作品形式 … 與其社會背景或脈絡間之關係」的「理論」，才能連結操作與脈絡，建構自己專業實踐的意義。討論不同實例如何連接脈絡與操作，會有助於我們，反推連接自己的專業，與真實世界的「理論」。根據以上所述，我們把【近代建築史】課程的具體內容，區分為以下三個主題 ──

1. 建築與現代的脈絡 : 由歷史的角度，檢視全球或本地建築發展課題的相關脈絡。
2. 現代建築思考與操作 : 就流派、人物、作品與文獻，介紹近代建築的思考、操作、構築。
3. 知識論與史觀 : 對照現代認知與機制層面的脈絡，反思、建構自己的理論。

在第一個學期裡，我們會由案例的討論，輔以概論性的操作解說，幫助剛開始練習實質建築設計的二年級同學，由「讀建築」入手，逐步熟悉設計概念與實質操作的複雜對應。在列為選修的第二個學期裡，我們會針對一些近代建築發展歷程裡的專題，做比較深入的討論；希望選修的同學能因而思考操作與脈絡之間的多重關聯，認識自己所為，在現實世界裡所扮演的角色。除期中、期末考以外，兩個學期都各有三次書面報告；原則上，週二晚上有三小時課外討論時間。選修本課程的同學，必須修過【建築設計習作 (四)】。

Architecture in this course is both an operation and a theoretical reflection.

This course will compare the technical skills of architectural design and explain how architects of various generations have appropriated knowledge, technology and experience from other contemporary fields to think about various traditional or contemporary problems and develop corresponding operating systems; it will help students learn from such practical experience and gain some inspiration for dealing with immediate problems on the operational side. Whether consciously or not, all architects must presuppose some kind of "theory" that "constructs the relationship between the form of an architectural work... and its social context or context" in order to connect operations and contexts and construct the meaning of their professional practice. Discussing how different examples connect the context and operations will help us to infer the "theory" that connects our own profession and the real world. Based on the above, we divide the specific content of the [Modern Architectural History] course into the following three themes──

1. The context of architecture and modernity: From a historical perspective, examine the context of global or local architectural development issues.
2. Modern architectural thinking and operation: Introduce the thinking, operation and construction of modern architecture in terms of genres, characters, works and documents.
3. Theory of knowledge and historical perspective: Reflect on and construct your own theory by comparing it with the context of modern cognition and mechanism.

In the first semester, we will discuss case studies, supplemented by general operational explanations, to help second-year students who have just started to practice practical architectural design, starting from "reading architecture", to gradually become familiar with the complex correspondence between design concepts and practical operations. In the second semester of electives, we will have in-depth discussions on some topics in the development of modern architecture. We hope that elective students can think about the multiple connections between operations and contexts, and understand the role they play in the real world. In addition to midterm and final exams, there are three written reports in each semester; in principle, there are three hours of extracurricular discussion time on Tuesday evening. Students who choose this course must have taken [Architectural Design Exercises (4)].

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Benton, Tim & Benton, Charlotte with Sharp, Dennis, 1975, Architecture and Design: 1890 ─ 1939, New York: The Whitney Library of Design。
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Heynen, Heide, 2012 / 1999, 建築與現代性 / Architecture and Modernity: A Critique, 高正軒 譯, 臺北: 國力台灣博物館; Cambridge / Ma.: The MIT Press。
Joedicke, Jürgen, 1974/1958, 現代建築史 / A History of Modern Architecture, 孫全文 譯, 臺北: 臺隆。
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Pevsner, Nikolaus, 1999/1968, 現代建築與設計的起源 / The Sources of Modern Architecture and Design, 蔡毓芬 譯, 臺北: 地景企業股份與限公司。
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Sharp, Dennis, 2003, 二十世紀世界建築 : 精彩的視覺建築史 / Twentieth Century Architecture: A Visual History, 胡正凡, 林玉蓮 譯, 北京: 中國建築工業出版社。
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Ghirado, Diane, 2001 / 1996, 現代主義以後的建築 / Architecture after Modernism, 佚 名 等譯, 臺北: 龍溪出版社。
Jencks, Charles, 1998 / 1978, 後現代建築語言 / The Language of Post-Modern Architecture, 吳介禎 譯, 台北: 田園城市文化事業。
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Benevolo, Leonardo, 1999 / 1977 / 1985, History of Modern Architecture, translated by Zou Denon, Bazhu Shi, and Gao Jun, Taipei: Garden City Cultural Enterprise; 2 vols.
Benton, Tim & Benton, Charlotte with Sharp, Dennis, 1975, Architecture and Design: 1890 ─ 1939, New York: The Whitney Library of Design.
Frampton, Kenneth, 2000 /1992, Modern Architecture: A Critical History, translated by Cai Yufen, Taipei: Landscape Enterprise Co., Ltd.
Giedion, Sigried, 1986/1966, Space, Time and Architecture, co-translated by Wang Jintang and Sun Quanwen, Taipei: Tailong.
Heynen, Heide, 2012/1999, Architecture and Modernity: A Critique, translated by Gao Zhengxuan, Taipei: National Taiwan Museum; Cambridge/Ma.: The MIT Press.
Joedicke, Jürgen, 1974/1958, A History of Modern Architecture, translated by Sun Quanwen, Taipei: Tailong.
Lampugnani, Vittorio Magnago ed., 1986, The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of 20th-Century Architecture, London: Thames and Hudson.
Pevsner, Nikolaus, 1999/1968, The Sources of Modern Architecture and Design, translated by Cai Yufen, Taipei: Landscape Enterprise Co., Ltd.
Pevsner, Nikolaus, 1993/1949, Pioneers of Modern Design: From William Morris to Walter Gropius, translated by Wang Shenyou, Taipei: Architecture and Culture Press.
Sharp, Dennis, 2003, Twentieth Century Architecture: A Visual History, translated by Hu Zhengfan and Lin Yulian, Beijing: China Architecture Industry Press.
Tafuri, Manfredo & Dal Co, Francesco, 2000/1979, Modern Architecture, translated by Liu Xianjue, Beijing: China Architecture Industry Press.
Ghirado, Diane, 2001 / 1996, Architecture after Modernism / Architecture after Modernism, translated by Anonymous et al., Taipei: Longxi Publishing House.
Jencks, Charles, 1998 / 1978, The Language of Post-Modern Architecture, translated by Wu Jiezhen, Taipei: Garden City Cultural Enterprise.
Hays, K. Michael ed., 1998, Architecture Theory since 1968, Cambridge/Ma.: The MIT Press.
Tafuri, Manfredo, 2010/1980/1976, Theories and History of Architecture, 4th Edition, translated by Zheng Shiling, Beijing: China Architecture Industry Press.