西方世界在歷經幾百年的戰亂後，到了中世紀中晚期逐漸地恢復元氣，先是在北義大利城邦主導下恢復了地中海的貿易網絡，然後是歐洲大陸上市鎮、城市和交易會陸續興起，不只促進了商業的發展，也帶動了農業和工業等產業的緩慢進步，而社會上各種交換逐漸的發達，也使得西方世界對於金錢的需求越來越大。西方世界在中世紀之後，其經濟和文化在文藝復興、大航海時代、科學革命以及啟蒙運動等一系列巨大的歷史變遷中逐步發展，與此同時，作為金融要素的工具（貨幣、票據、借貸）、組織（股份公司）、制度（法規）等，事實上也都在歷史的進程中漸次成形。尤其是金融制度的發展，為金融的運作提供一套明確的遊戲規則，由於金融的高度抽象特性，如果沒有一套金融制度去確定人與人在不同時間點（現在或未來）之間的關係（獲利或負債），那麼引起西方近代社會變遷的重要社會行動可能就不會發生（航海冒險、技術革新）。有鑑於金融在西方近代社會變遷中的重大影響力，古典社會學家對金融與社會之間的關係有所討論，Simmel就以貨幣作為討論的切入點，由於貨幣有使物品價值純粹量化的特性，因此計算貨幣的數量就等同於計算資產的數量，擁有多少貨幣就等於擁有多少資產，加上貨幣所具有的絕對價值之特性，以貨幣為基準進行未來資產增值的計算就成為了技術上可以操作的方式。
到了當代社會學，學者們對金融與社會之關係所進行的討論裡，可以看到對古典社會學對金融議題討論的延展性，Zelizer就指出，每個人的生活安排決定了貨幣的多元用途，而貨幣的多元用途也就展現了每個人的生活風格之所在，此外，人不會以市場價值為唯一標準去過生活，還會根據其自身經驗和需求作為參考的依據來安排生活，貨幣因此不只乘載了市場價值，也實現了社會價值。而Zelizer對於金融社會學的貢獻，除了引發社會如何對無上價值進行定價的討論之外，還引發另一種思考，由於無上價值（親密關係、個人生命）因為被賦予價格而參與到了經濟活動之中，使得資產的界限被拓寬了，人們可以更加多元地透過貨幣去計算自己的資產，以此安排現在或未來的生活。
另外，從當代社會學對金融與社會變遷、市場機制、不同文化、金融化的眾多關係之多元思考中，展現的不只是議題討論的多元化，從側面觀之，也顯現了金融領域對日常生活各個領域的滲透已經達到前所未有的程度，因此，對於金融與社會之關係研究重點的多元化討論，是當代社會所不能夠迴避的大問題，如不去嘗試進行理解，我們對於社會事實的認知將會有很大的不足。本課程除了透過對西方世界在經濟與社會的變遷過程中，金融所具有的藏身於後但擁有支配性的地位有所探討，也期望可以幫助學習者了解社會學家們如何以社會學的視角對金融與社會之間的關係進行觀察。After hundreds of years of war, the Western world gradually recovered its vitality in the middle and late periods of the Middle Ages. First, it restored its trade network in the Mediterranean under the guidance of the Nordic city-state, and then the listing towns, cities and trading groups in the European mainland continued to rise. It not only promoted the development of business, but also led to the slow progress of industries such as agriculture and industry. The gradual development of various social exchanges has also made the Western world increasingly demand for money. After the Middle Ages, its economy and culture gradually developed in a series of huge historical changes such as cultural rejuvenation, the era of navigation, scientific revolution and the invasion of Mongolia. At the same time, as tools of financial elements (coins, bills, loans), organizations (joint stock companies), systems (legal regulations), etc., in fact, they have taken shape several times in the course of history. Especially the development of the financial system, providing a set of clear game rules for financial operations. Due to the highly abstract nature of finance, if there is no financial system to determine the relationship between people (profits or debts) between people at different times (present or future), then important social actions that cause changes in modern Western society may not occur (navigilance, technological innovation). Given the significant impact of finance in modern Western society, classical socialists have discussed the relationship between finance and society, Simmel used currency as the starting point of discussion. Since currency has the characteristics of pure quantification of the value of goods, The amount of calculated coins is equivalent to the amount of calculated assets. The amount of coins they own is equivalent to how much assets they own. Coupled with the absolute value characteristics of coins, calculating future asset appreciation based on coins becomes a technically operational method.
In contemporary society, students' discussions on finance and society can see the extension of discussions on financial issues on classical society. Zelizer pointed out that everyone's life arrangements determine the diverse uses of currency, and the diverse uses of currency. The way shows everyone's life style. In addition, people will not live by market value as the only standard, but will also arrange their lives based on their own experience and needs as references. Therefore, currency not only reaps the market value, but also realizes social value. Zelizer's contribution to financial society not only raises the discussion on how society sets prices for unpriceeded value, but also raises another thought. Because unpriceed value (close relationships, personal life) participates in economic activities because of being paid, the boundaries of assets are broadened, and people can calculate their assets more diversely through currency to arrange their current or future lives.
In addition, from the diverse thinking of contemporary society on the multi-related relationship between finance and social changes, market mechanisms, different cultures and financialization, what is shown is not only the diversification of discussions, but also the financial field's expansion in every field of daily life. Through this, diversified discussions on the research focus on finance and society are a major problem that modern society cannot avoid. If we do not try to understand, our understanding of social facts will be greatly deficient. In addition to exploring the Western world's economic and social changes, finance has a hiding but dominant position, it also hopes to help learners understand how socialists observe the relationship between finance and society from a social perspective.
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| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂出席課堂出席 Class attendance |
30 | 每週點名 |
| 課堂心得課堂心得 Classroom experience |
40 | 共繳交四份，每人每份至少800字。 |
| 期末報告期末報告 Final report |
30 | 從《銀線：十九世紀的世界與中國》和《風險之書：看人類如何探索、衡量，進而戰勝風險》二本著作中擇一撰寫書評，每人每份至少2400字。（含彈性學習） |
