本課程是知識與實在模組的總整課程。我們將透過對語言的討論，協助同學反思過往在知識與實在相關課程中習得的想法，並考慮應用這些想法的可能方式。更具體地說，無論討論知識或者討論實在，皆無法迴避涉及語言的複雜議題。一方面，知識需要透過語言傳達，但不同的語言使用方式對聽者造成的認知效果可能有異，因此語言可能改變被傳達的知識內容。那麼，歧視、貶損、本質化等社會現象是否與語言使用有關？另一方面，語言及其意義也是實在的一部分，因此我們必須探問：語言以何種方式存在？其意義在多大程度上由常規決定、又在多大程度上隨著脈絡改變？一般語言使用與隱喻有什麼樣的關係？我們將在課程中檢視這類議題。然而，本課程主要用意在於讓同學在過往所學的基礎上進行獨立思考；因此除了授課之外，課程中將會有一定比例的口頭報告與課堂討論，鼓勵同學發展自己的想法。

This course is the overall course of knowledge and practical modules. Through discussions on language, we will help students reflect on the ideas they have learned in knowledge and practice in related courses, and consider possible ways to apply these ideas. More specifically, no matter whether the discussion knowledge or discussion is intrinsic, complicated issues involving language cannot be avoided. On the one hand, knowledge needs to be transmitted through language, but different language usage may have different cognitive effects on the listener, so language may change the transmitted knowledge content. So, are social phenomena such as discrimination, censorship, and essence related to language use? On the other hand, language and its meaning are also a real part, so we must explore: in what way does language exist? To what extent does its meaning be determined by common rules and to what extent does it change with structural changes? What is the relationship between general language use and metaphor? We will review this topic during the course. However, this course is mainly intended to allow students to think independently on the basis of what they have learned in the past; therefore, in addition to teaching, there will be a certain proportion of oral reports and class discussions in the course to encourage students to develop their own ideas.

本課程所使用的閱讀材料選自多本書籍及期刊，同學不須購買教科書。

The reading materials used in this course are selected from multiple books and journals, and students do not need to buy textbooks.