本課程旨在引導學生運用哲學理論，反思數位技術如何形塑我們對知識、真理、權利與倫理實踐的理解。面對人工智慧（如ChatGPT）、演算法推薦、社群媒體平台、Deepfake技術等日益主導資訊生產與傳播的現況，我們不僅需要數位技術識讀能力，更亟需哲學上的批判反思能力。本課程設計架構涵蓋知識論、倫理學、政治哲學等三領域，主要透過文本閱讀讓學生認識到當代數位世界中的知識與權力結構，並反思在AI時代我們應該如何重構公共理性、社會信任與人權保障。
一、在知識論方面，擬說明為何堅持事實與追求真理對於知識建構很重要。課程前四週將閱讀Harry Frankfurt的經典文本《放屁》（On Bullshit）與《論真實》（On Truth），引導學生理解到bullshit與謊言的區別、真理的社會功能，以及說真話作為公共理性的核心價值。這部分強調在社群平台是由演算法主導資訊呈現的數位環境中，對於「何為真實」、「誰來界定」的批判性提問尤其重要。接著第6週將應用Frankfurt論述在當代AI產品中，閱讀ChatGPT is Bullshit（Hicks et al., 2024），討論語言模型與AI生成內容在知識建構上的侷限及對社會的影響。此案例不僅讓學生連結抽象哲理與日常科技，也培養其批判科技產品與其文本生成的能力。
二、倫理學與人權方面，擬探討數位社會中的主體、隱私與遺產。課程從第7週開始，將轉向數位時代的權利與人權議題。在此之前，先協助同學掌握權利的基本定義（許漢〈權利〉）、人權的哲學基礎（Nickel & Etinson, SEP）。接著再閱讀Lizzie O’Shea《數位時代的人權思辨》，從歷史進步與批判傳統的角度，思索資訊技術與個人自由的張力。此外，Carl Öhman 的《雲端亡魂》則作為當代倫理案例，探討個人或死亡後的數位資料該如何被保存、繼承與尊重。目的是帶領學生思考數位人格與身後數位資料應該如何處理的問題，不只涉及個人，也涉及誰有權決定人類全體文明的傳承與歷史書寫。諸如這些討論有助學生理解數位倫理的邊界與實際挑戰。
三、在政治哲學方面：課程第12–15週將整合前述知識論、倫理與人權的探討，審視目前AI時代對於知識權的侵害可能帶來的民主危機。預計選讀Mathias Risse的著作Political Theory of the Digital Age中的某些章節，從制度與權力的角度反思數位技術可能如何削弱民主與公共理性，並倡議第四代知識權的重要性。This course aims to guide students to use philosophical theories to reflect on how digital technology shapes our understanding of knowledge, truth, rights and ethics. Faced with the current situation of artificial intelligence (such as ChatGPT), algorithm recommendations, social media platforms, Deepfake technology and other increasingly leading information production and communication, we not only need digital technical reading skills, but also urgently need philosophical critical reflection skills. The design structure of this course covers three fields: knowledge theory, ethics, and political philosophy. It mainly allows students to understand the knowledge and power structure in the contemporary digital world through text reading, and reflect on how we should emphasize public rationality, social trust and human rights protection in the AI era.
1. In terms of intellectual theory, explaining why it is important to knowing the structure of knowledge. The first four weeks of the course will read Harry Frankfurt's classic texts On Bullshit and On Truth, guiding students to understand the distinction between bullshit and power, the social function of truth, and the core value of truth as public reason. This part of the emphasis is particularly important for critical questions about "what is true" and "who is defined" in a digital environment in which community platforms are presented by algorithms. Then on the 6th week, Frankfurt will be used to describe in contemporary AI products, reading ChatGPT is Bullshit (Hicks et al., 2024), discussing the limitations of language models and AI generation content in intellectual construction and its impact on society. This case not only allows students to connect abstract philosophy with daily technology, but also cultivate their ability to critical scientific and technological products and text generation.
2. In terms of ethics and human rights, it explores the subject, privacy and industry in digital society. The course begins on week 7 and will be transferred to the rights and human rights issues of the digital era. Before this, we will first help students master the basic definition of rights (Xuhan〈Law〉) and the philosophical foundation of human rights (Nickel & Etinson, SEP). Then read Lizzie O’Shea’s “Human Power Thinking in the Digital Age” to think about information technology and personal freedom from the perspective of historical progress and critical tradition. In addition, Carl Öhman's Cloud Dead is a contemporary ethics case that explores how digital data from individuals or deaths should be preserved, inherited and respected. The purpose is to lead students to think about the problems of how digital personality and behind-the-life digital data should be handled, not only involving individuals, but also who have the right to decide the inheritance and historical writing of the entire human civilization. Such discussions help students understand the borders and actual challenges of digital ethics.
3. In terms of political philosophy: The course will integrate the aforementioned intellectual theory, ethics and human rights discussions on human rights to examine the democratic crisis that may be brought about by the current AI era infringement of knowledge rights. Prepare to read some chapters in Mathias Risse's book Political Theory of the Digital Age, reflecting on how digital technology might undermine democracy and public rationality from the perspective of institutional and power, and advocating the importance of fourth-generation intellectual power.
哈里‧法蘭克福(Harry G. Frankfurt)，2019，《放屁！名利雙收的詭話》(On bullshit, 2009)，時報出版。
哈里‧法蘭克福(Harry G. Frankfurt)，2020，《論真實》(On Truth, 2010)，八旗文化。
Hicks, M. T., Humphries, J., & Slater, J. (2024). ChatGPT is bullshit. Ethics and Information Technology, 26(2), 1-10.
莉姿·歐榭(Lizzie O'Shea)，2020，《數位時代的人權思辨》第7, 9, 10, 11章(Future Histories: What Ada Lovelace, Tom Paine, and the Paris Commune Can Teach Us About Digital Technology)，台灣商務。
許漢 (2020)。〈權利〉，《華文哲學百科》（2021 版本），王一奇（編）。
Nickel, James, and Adam Etinson, "Human Rights", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2024 Edition), Edward N. Zalta & Uri Nodelman (eds.)
卡爾．歐曼(Carl Öhman)，2025，《雲端亡魂：往生者的數位個資與AI時代的生命思考》(The Afterlife of Data: What Happens to Your Information When You Die and Why You Should Care)，衛城出版。
Risse, M. (2023). Political theory of the digital age: Where artificial intelligence might take us. Cambridge University Press.
Harry G. Frankfurt, 2019, "Farting! On bullshit, 2009, published in the Times.
Harry G. Frankfurt, 2020, On Truth (2010), Eight Banners Culture.
Hicks, M. T., Humphries, J., & Slater, J. (2024). ChatGPT is bullshit. Ethics and Information Technology, 26(2), 1-10.
Lizzie O'Shea, 2020, "Human Power Thinking in the Digital Age" Chapter 7, 9, 10, 11 (Future Histories: What Ada Lovelace, Tom Paine, and the Paris Commune Can Teach Us About Digital Technology), Business in Taiwan.
Xu Han (2020). "Right", "Encyclopedia of Chinese Literature and Philosophy" (2021 version), Wang Yiqi (edited).
Nickel, James, and Adam Etinson, "Human Rights", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2024 Edition), Edward N. Zalta & Uri Nodelman (eds.)
Carl. Carl Öhman, 2025, The Afterlife of Data: What Happens to Your Information When You Die and Why You Should Care, published by Huacheng.
Risse, M. (2023). Political theory of the digital age: Where artistic intelligence might take us. Cambridge University Press.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課前閱讀筆記課前閱讀筆記 Read pre-class bookmarks |
20 | 10次挑5次算分。 |
| 分組或個人口頭簡報分組或個人口頭簡報 Group or population headline brief |
30 | 依照修課人數而定，簡報當週上課內容10分鐘。 |
| 期末報告（口頭與書面）期末報告（口頭與書面） Final report (negative and written) |
30 | 口頭與書面缺一，皆不予通過本課程。 |
