我們都會說華語；也就是說，我們都具備華語的語言知識（linguistic knowledge）。不過，我們對這樣的知識往往是無意識的（unconscious）。我們會說華語，所以我們不會說出不合華語語法的病句；即使說了，我們也會立刻察覺到自己所說的是病句。然而，我們平時並不會特別關注這些語言知識，更不可能去歸納，甚至是解釋這些語言知識。


　　比如說：我們想要稱讚一個人唱歌很好聽，我們會說：「他唱歌唱得很好聽。」「他唱得很好聽。」但我們絕對不會說：「他唱歌得很好聽。」我們並不是先意識到補語標記「得」必須緊跟在動詞之後，然後才說出「他唱歌唱得很好聽」、「他唱得很好聽」這類句子的。然而，若是我們全然不知「補語標記『得』必須緊跟在動詞之後」這項語法規則，為何我們絕對不會說出「他唱歌得很好聽」這樣的句子呢？由此可見，會說華語的人，儘管對華語的語言知識未必有清楚的察覺，但他們確實懂得華語的語言知識。語言學的任務，就是要客觀地省視、歸納、解釋這些為人們所擁有卻往往未被察覺的語言知識。


　　對語言知識的洞察，是一個語言專業人士必須具備的素養。一個語言專業人士必須能透過客觀的方法，清楚地告訴別人，為何這麼說是對的、那麼說是不對的，為何這樣的表達方式比那樣的表達方式還來得妥當。一個稱職的對外華語教師也必須具備這樣的專業素養，才能提供學生正確且適於學習的例子，並精準掌握學生的語言錯誤所在，有效提升學生的華語能力。此外，對語言知識的洞察使文學賞析更能扣緊文本的本質與內涵，強化文學賞析的客觀性。


　　本課程是漢語語言學的入門課程，分上、下學期講授。本學期擬自語言學的基本概念出發，以華語（又稱「現代漢語共通語」、「現代標準漢語」）為主要探討對象，概述：一、漢語語音與音韻系統，二、漢語構詞與詞彙關係，三、漢語的類型特徵與系屬分類，期能幫助學生掌握漢語語言學的基本觀念與思考模式，並引導學生將漢語語言學的知識與理論應用於華語教學與文學賞析。

We all speak Chinese; that is to say, we all have linguistic knowledge of Chinese. However, we are often unconscious of this knowledge. We speak Chinese, so we will not say incorrect sentences that do not conform to Chinese grammar; even if we do, we will immediately realize that what we say is incorrect. However, we usually do not pay special attention to this language knowledge, let alone summarize or even explain this language knowledge.


For example: if we want to praise a person for singing beautifully, we will say: "He sings beautifully." "He sings beautifully." But we will never say: "He sings beautifully." We do not first realize that the complement marker "got" must follow the verb, and then say sentences such as "He sings beautifully" and "He sings beautifully." However, if we are completely unaware of the grammatical rule that "the complement marker "get" must follow the verb immediately", why would we never say a sentence like "He sings beautifully"? It can be seen that although people who can speak Chinese may not have a clear awareness of the language knowledge of Chinese, they do understand the language knowledge of Chinese. The task of linguistics is to objectively examine, summarize, and explain the language knowledge that people possess but are often not aware of.


Insight into language knowledge is a quality that a language professional must possess. A language professional must be able to clearly tell others through objective methods why it is right to say this and wrong to say that, and why this way of expression is more appropriate than that way of expression. A competent teacher of Chinese as a foreign language must also have such professional qualities in order to provide students with correct and suitable examples for learning, accurately grasp students' language errors, and effectively improve students' Chinese language abilities. In addition, the insight into language knowledge enables literary appreciation to better grasp the essence and connotation of the text, and strengthens the objectivity of literary appreciation.


This course is an introductory course in Chinese linguistics and is taught in the first and second semesters. This semester will start from the basic concepts of linguistics, with Chinese (also known as "Modern Chinese Common Language" and "Modern Standard Chinese") as the main object of study. An overview: 1. Chinese phonetics and phonology system, 2. Chinese word formation and word formation Convergence relations, 3. Typical characteristics and genealogical classification of Chinese. It is expected to help students master the basic concepts and thinking models of Chinese linguistics, and guide students to apply the knowledge and theories of Chinese linguistics to Chinese language teaching and literary appreciation.

1. 指定閱讀：舒兆民 2021 《現代漢語語言學概要》，臺北：新學林。
2. 建議閱讀：
(1) 邵敬敏 2016 《現代漢語通論》，第三版，上海：上海教育出版社。
(2) 謝國平 2022 《語言學概論》，第四版，臺北：三民書局。
(3) 黃宣範主編 2021 《語言學：結構、認知與文化的探索》，臺北：國立臺灣大學出版中心。
(4) 王力 2017 《漢語史稿》，第三版，北京：中華書局。
(5) Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. 2018. An Introduction to Language. 11th ed. Taipei: The Crane Publishing Company.

1. Specified reading: Shu Zhaomin 2021 "Outline of Modern Chinese Linguistics", Taipei: Xinxuelin.
2. Recommended reading:
(1) Shao Jingmin 2016 "General Theory of Modern Chinese", third edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press.
(2) Xie Guoping 2022 "Introduction to Linguistics", fourth edition, Taipei: Sanmin Book Company.
(3) Huang Xuanfan, editor-in-chief, 2021 "Linguistics: Explorations in Structure, Cognition, and Culture", Taipei: National Taiwan University Publishing Center.
(4) Wang Li 2017 "History of Chinese Language", third edition, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
(5) Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. 2018. An Introduction to Language. 11th ed. Taipei: The Crane Publishing Company.