次級資料分析（Secondary data analysis）是使用既有的統計資料來對研究主題進行實證分析的社會研究方法，而既有的統計資料包含人口普查及各種大型學術資料庫，例如台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫。相對於蒐集初級資料（Primary data）而進行的研究，使用次級資料的優勢為：(1) 研究者為取得大型樣本的資料所需花費的時間及金錢成本較低；(2) 資料庫的蒐集通常已採用隨機抽樣原則，分析該類資料的研究成果將能推論至整體社會；(3) 資料庫的蒐集通常為跨時間及跨區域，可用來檢驗跨時變化或跨域比較的研究主題。隨著網路介面的發達及電腦運算速度的提升，對於可公開下載的次級資料庫的運用更是日益方便，次級資料分析便成為當前常見的社會學研究方法之一。
目前社會科學常使用的統計軟體相當多元，但通常以使用者付費的為主。R 是一個程式語言且為少數免付費、開放原始碼（open-source）及跨平台的統計運算及繪圖軟體，它可在 Microsoft Windows、Mac OS 及多數 UNIX 平台上運作。它的操作介面雖然完全以程式語言控制，但學習門檻低，可以作為學習程式語言邏輯的入門，且其繪製的圖表常能見於學術期刊上。R 的擴充性強，有各種套件（packages）及說明檔案可供下載使用來進行統計分析；資料讀取也與其他統計軟體的格式相容，可讀取的格式包括純文字檔、Microsoft Excel、SAS、SPSS、Stata 等。Secondary data analysis is a social research method that uses existing statistical data to conduct practical analysis of research topics. The existing statistical data includes census and various large-scale academic databases, such as Taiwan's basic social change survey. Plan. Compared with the research conducted to collect primary data, the advantages of using secondary data are: (1) The time and cost of the researcher spends less to obtain large-scale data; (2) Database Collections usually have adopted the principle of random sampling. The research results of analyzing this type of data will be recommended to the overall society; (3) Collections of databases are usually cross-time and cross-regional, and can be used to examine research topics that are cross-time and cross-regional. . With the development of network interfaces and the improvement of computer computing speed, the use of secondary data databases that can be downloaded publicly is becoming increasingly convenient, and secondary data analysis has become one of the common social research methods at present.
Currently, the structural software commonly used in social sciences is quite diverse, but it is usually mainly paid by users. R is a programming language that is free of charge, open-source, and cross-platform computing and drawing software that operates on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS and most UNIX platforms. Although its operating interface is completely controlled in programming language, it has a low learning gate and can be used as an entry to learning programming language logic. The graphs it draws are often seen in academic journals. R is highly extensible, with various packages and instructions files for download for statistical analysis; data reading is also compatible with other statistical software formats, and readable formats include plain text files, Microsoft Excel, SAS, SPSS, Stata, etc.
(1) Liahna E. Gordon, 2016, "Real research; research methods sociology students can use". Thousand Oaks: Sage.
(2) Li, Quan, 2019, "Using R For Data Analysis In Social Sciences: A Research Project-oriented Approach", Oxford University Press.
(3) Verzani, John, 2014, "Using R for Introductory Statistics", CRC Press.
(4) 蔡佳泓，2015，《基礎統計分析：R 程式在社會科學之應用》。臺北：雙葉。
(5) 吳明隆，2015，《R統計軟體應用分析實務》。台北：五南。
(6) Jared P. Lander, 2017, "R for everyone: Advanced Analytics and Graphics". Addison-Wesley.
(1) Liahna E. Gordon, 2016, "Real research; research methods sociology students can use". Thousand Oaks: Sage.
(2) Li, Quan, 2019, "Using R For Data Analysis In Social Sciences: A Research Project-oriented Approach", Oxford University Press.
(3) Verzani, John, 2014, "Using R for Introductory Statistics", CRC Press.
(4) Cai Jiahong, 2015, "Basic Statistical Analysis: Application of R Programs in Social Sciences". Taipei: Double Leaf.
(5) Wu Minglong, 2015, "R-State Measurement Software Application Analysis and Implementation". Taipei: Wunan.
(6) Jared P. Lander, 2017, "R for everyone: Advanced Analytics and Graphics". Addison-Wesley.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂參與出席課堂參與出席 Class attendance and attendance |
15 | 每週上課點名，期末出席成績由 R 軟體隨機選出五週計分。若需請假，請將請假證明寄至教師 email 或於學生資訊系統請假。 |
| 課堂作業與小考 課堂作業與小考 Classroom and small exams |
25 | 包含隨堂及課後電腦軟體操作、輸出與詮釋。 |
| 期中小組口頭報告期中小組口頭報告 Small and medium-term team head report |
15 | 包含關於 R 軟體的操作與分析內容的詮釋；請針對次級資料庫中所選擇之研究議題所做之分析與詮釋，每位小組成員都須上台報告，若未報告或未出席則以零分計。 |
| 期中小組書面報告期中小組書面報告 Medium-term book report |
15 | 包含關於 R 軟體的操作與分析內容的詮釋；請針對次級資料庫中所選擇之研究議題所做之分析與詮釋，引用及書寫格式請比照期刊撰稿體例，若有抄襲之情事以零分計。 |
