史學方法這門課可以提供一套系統化的原則何步驟，幫助同學通過辨別史料的真偽、來源以及意圖讓同學們可以更接近探究歷史。歷史並非是單純的事實堆積，而是透過史料來重建過去的過程，史學方法能讓同學們如何解讀文字、圖像乃至於建築等多樣化的史料，理解其中所具有的內涵並能將其放置於具體的歷史脈絡中，進行討論且避免對史料的誤讀。

史學方法(下)的課程基本目標著眼在幾個層面：一、了解歷史學研究的基礎方法、內涵及功用性。二、進階的研究法介紹，如心態史、物質史、文化研究。三、歷史敘述方式的基礎練習、模寫與參照。四、歷史寫作實作成果展現。

This course on historical methods can provide a set of systematic principles and steps to help students get closer to exploring history by identifying the authenticity, source and intention of historical materials. History is not a simple accumulation of facts, but a process of reconstructing the past through historical materials. Historical methods allow students to interpret diverse historical materials such as texts, images and even buildings, understand their connotations and place them in a specific historical context, conduct discussions and avoid misreading historical materials.

The basic objectives of the course "Historical Methods (Part 2)" focus on several levels: 1. Understand the basic methods, connotation and functionality of historical research. 2. Introduction to advanced research methods, such as the history of mentality, material history, and cultural research. 3. Basic exercises, modeling and reference of historical narrative methods. 4. Display of historical writing practical results.

本課程主要教學目標在使學生對史學方法與理論有系統性的認識，並透過實際操作與撰寫讓學生掌握史學研究的具體方法與程序。因此本課程的教學目標有以下數點：
1.熟習歷史學研究的方法及其理論。
2.掌握史學研究的具體程序。
3.訓練獨立思考、探討與解決史學問題的能力。

The main teaching goal of this course is to enable students to have a systematic understanding of historical methods and theories, and to enable students to master the specific methods and procedures of historical research through practical operations and writing. Therefore, the teaching objectives of this course are as follows:
1. Be familiar with historical research methods and theories.
2. Master the specific procedures of historical research.
3. Train the ability to think independently, discuss and solve historical problems.

主要參照：

林 亨特，歷史學為什麼重要，北京大學出版社，2020。


基礎讀物

1. E.H. Carr：《歷史是什麼？》（What is History?）

闡述歷史學的基本問題和方法，是了解現代史學方法的經典著作。



2. Marc Bloch：《歷史學家的技藝》（The Historian's Craft）

年鑑學派代表人物的經典著作，對歷史學方法有系統的論述。



3. G.R. Elton：《歷史學的實踐》（The Practice of History）

介紹歷史研究的基本技術與觀念，適合初學者理解實際操作。





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進階方法與理論

4. R.G. Collingwood：《歷史的觀念》（The Idea of History）

探討歷史學的哲學基礎，強調歷史解釋的主觀性與重建過程。



5. Peter Burke：《新史學：歷史的疆域》（New Perspectives on Historical Writing）

分析新史學運動中的各種方法論，包括文化史、性別史等。



6. Carlo Ginzburg：《乳酪與蠅王》（The Cheese and the Worms）

微觀史學的經典案例，展示如何通過微觀的分析理解宏觀歷史。



7. Fernand Braudel：《地中海與菲利普二世時代的地中海世界》（The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II）

年鑑學派的經典，展示結構性分析方法。





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中國史學方法

8. 錢穆：《中國歷史研究法》

闡述中國歷史研究的獨特方法與特點，具有代表性。



9. 余英時：《史學與傳統》

探討中國傳統史學與現代史學方法的融合。



10. 顧頡剛：《古史辨》

對中國古代史料的辨偽與史料學研究的重要著作。



11. 陳寅恪：《金明館叢稿初編》

展示如何以跨學科的方法研究中國古代史。





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專門領域方法

12. Natalie Zemon Davis：《馬丁·蓋爾歸來》（The Return of Martin Guerre）

一部文化史學的經典作品，展示社會生活的微觀分析。



13. Eric Hobsbawm：《原創的傳統》（The Invention of Tradition）

探討傳統的歷史建構和文化意義，對符號學與歷史學的結合有啟發。



14. Clifford Geertz：《文化的解釋》（The Interpretation of Cultures）

人類學與歷史學的交叉領域，影響深遠。



15. Jo Guldi & David Armitage：《長時段的歷史》（The History Manifesto）

主張以長時段視角研究歷史，對當代社會問題具有啟示意義。





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工具與技術

16. Anthony Brundage：《歷史研究的技術與方法》（Going to the Sources）

指導如何尋找和使用史料，適合初學者掌握基礎技能。



17. Mary Lynn Rampolla：《寫作歷史》（A Pocket Guide to Writing in History）

闡述歷史學寫作技巧與格式要求，實用性強。



18. Jacques Le Goff：《記憶與歷史》（History and Memory）

探討記憶與歷史書寫之間的關係。

Main reference:

Lin Hunter, Why History Matters, Peking University Press, 2020.


Basic Reading

1. E.H. Carr: What is History? 》（What is History?）

It expounds the basic issues and methods of history and is a classic work for understanding modern historical methods.



2. Marc Bloch: "The Historian's Craft"

A classic work by a representative of the Annales School, a systematic discussion of historical methods.



3. G.R. Elton: "The Practice of History"

Introduces the basic techniques and concepts of historical research, suitable for beginners to understand practical operations.





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Advanced methods and theories

4. R.G. Collingwood: "The Idea of ​​History"

Discuss the philosophical foundations of history, emphasizing the subjectivity and reconstruction process of historical interpretation.



5. Peter Burke: "New Historiography: The Territory of History" (New Perspectives on Historical Writing)

Analyze various methodologies in the new history movement, including cultural history, gender history, etc.



6. Carlo Ginzburg: "The Cheese and the Worms"

A classic case of micro-history, showing how to understand macro-history through micro-analysis.



7. Fernand Braudel: "The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II"

A classic of the Annales school, demonstrating structural analysis methods.





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Methods of Chinese History

8. Qian Mu: "Chinese History Research Method"

It expounds the unique methods and characteristics of Chinese historical research and is representative.



9. Yu Yingshi: "History and Tradition"

Discuss the integration of traditional Chinese historiography and modern historical methods.



10. Gu Jiegang: "Ancient History"

An important work on the identification of forgeries and historical research on ancient Chinese historical materials.



11. Chen Yinke: "Preliminary Edition of Jinmingguan Series"

Demonstrate how to study ancient Chinese history in an interdisciplinary approach.





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Domain-specific methods

12. Natalie Zemon Davis: "The Return of Martin Guerre"

A classic work of cultural history, showing micro-analysis of social life.



13. Eric Hobsbawm: "The Invention of Tradition"

Exploring the historical construction and cultural significance of tradition can inspire the combination of semiotics and history.



14. Clifford Geertz: "The Interpretation of Cultures"

The intersection of anthropology and history has far-reaching influence.



15. Jo Guldi & David Armitage: "The History Manifesto"

He advocates studying history from a long-term perspective, which has implications for contemporary social issues.





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Tools and Techniques

16. Anthony Brundage: "Techniques and Methods of Historical Research" (Going to the Sources)

Guides how to find and use historical materials, suitable for beginners to master basic skills.



17. Mary Lynn Rampolla: "A Pocket Guide to Writing in History"

Explains the writing skills and format requirements of history, which is highly practical.



18. Jacques Le Goff: "History and Memory"

Explore the relationship between memory and historical writing.