保安處分係刑事制裁的第二軌，犯罪人宣告保安處分的前提在於「本身的危險性」，例如要求犯罪人進行強制制裁，或是將犯罪之青少年交付保護管束。刑法第86條的「感化教育」（三年以下） 、刑法第87條的「監護處分」（五年以下）、刑法第88條的「毒品成癮之禁戒處分」（一年以下）、刑法第89條的「酗酒之禁戒處分」（一年以下）、刑法第90條的「強制工作」（三年以下）、刑法第91條「傳染病之強制治療」（治癒為止）、刑法第91-1條「性侵刑後強制治療」（治癒為止）、刑法第92條「保護管束」（三年以下）、刑法第93條「宣告緩刑與假釋的保護管束」、刑法第95條「驅逐出境」。
保安處分之目的有三：「危險防衛」（Gefahrenabwehr）、「預防未來犯罪」（Vorbeugung gegenüber künftigen Straftaten）以及「保護公眾不受危險行為人之危害」（dem Schutz der Allgemeinheit vor dem gefährlichen Täter），因此，刑罰與保安處分的區別在於：前者係基於罪責；後者係基於危險性。Franz von Liszt 不斷強調，保安處分之對象係個別之行為人，希望藉由「矯治」與「改善」達到再社會化的目的 。然而，國家對於「無罪責」之行為人予以一定程度的「干涉處分」，尤其是針對「拘束人身自由」的保安處分，則有可能有違憲之虞。因此，判斷「收容人」是否受到國家「合法的」侵害，正確的「犯後行為危險預測」（Gefährliche Prognose）作為合法化的依據。
本課程除了介紹我國保安處分法制，希望藉由德國法制之介紹，給予我國未來保安處分改革法制之參考。
Security measures are the second track of criminal sanctions. The premise for criminals to declare security measures is "their own danger." For example, the offender is required to take compulsory sanctions, or the juvenile who committed the crime is sent to protective custody. "Probative education" in Article 86 of the Criminal Code (less than three years) , "custodial punishment" in Article 87 of the Criminal Law (less than five years), "discipline for drug addiction" in Article 88 of the Criminal Law (less than one year), "discipline of prohibition for alcoholism" in Article 89 of the Criminal Law (one year) Less than three years), "Compulsory work" in Article 90 of the Criminal Code (less than three years), Article 91 of the Criminal Code "Compulsory treatment of infectious diseases" (until cured), Criminal Law Article 91-1 "Compulsory treatment after sexual assault" (until cured), Criminal Law Article 92 "Protective restraint" (less than three years), Criminal Law Article 93 " "Declaration of Protective Control on Probation and Parole" and Article 95 of the Criminal Code "Deportation".
There are three purposes of security measures: "Danger prevention" (Gefahrenabwehr), "Prevention of future crimes" (Vorbeugung gegenüber künftigen Straftaten), and "Protecting the public from dangerous actors" (dem Schutz der Allgemeinheit vor dem gefährlichen Täter). Therefore, The difference between criminal punishment and security measures is that the former is based on guilt; the latter is based on danger. Franz von Liszt has always emphasized that the targets of security sanctions are individual perpetrators, hoping to achieve the purpose of resocialization through "correction" and "improvement." However, it may be unconstitutional for the state to impose a certain degree of "interference in sanctions" on "innocent" perpetrators, especially security sanctions that "restrict personal freedom." Therefore, to determine whether a "retainer" has been "legitimately" violated by the state, the correct "Gefährliche Prognose" (Gefährliche Prognose) serves as the basis for legalization.
In addition to introducing my country's security disciplinary legal system, this course hopes to provide a reference for my country's future security disciplinary reform legal system through the introduction of German legal system.
（一）刑事制裁：犯罪後刑法之回應，2019年2月，新學林。
（二）Jörg Kinzig, Noch im Namen des Volkes?: Über Verbrechen und Strafe Taschenbuch – 21. Februar 2020.
(1) Criminal Sanctions: Responses from Post-Crime Criminal Law, February 2019, Xinxuelin.
(2) Jörg Kinzig, Noch im Namen des Volkes?: Über Verbrechen und Strafe Taschenbuch – 21. Februar 2020.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 平時成績平時成績 usual results |
20 | 出席狀況 上課互動。 |
| 課堂報告課堂報告 class report |
80 | 自指定範圍選題，口頭報告並準備投影片即。 |
