分析哲學是當代西方哲學的主流之一，語言哲學構成分析哲學中一個重要的部分。根據 Michael Dummett，將分析哲學和其它學派區分開來的，是這樣的一個信念：對思想做哲學的解釋，能夠經由對語言做哲學的解釋而獲得，且僅能經由對語言做哲學的解釋而獲得 (1994：4)。自十九世紀數學家、哲學家 Frege、Russell 等人開始，意義理論或語言哲學被視為是哲學中所有其它類別的基礎，他們認為哲學問題可以透過對於語言的探究來解決，促使哲學的發展做了一個語言轉向 (a linguistic turn)。他們經常使用邏輯作為分析的工具，要求論述清晰、有條理。時至今日，分析哲學中含蓋的內容愈來愈廣，專業分工也更加細緻，分析哲學並非僅有語言哲學，但若不認識語言哲學，有點可惜。除了從語言的面向去解決既有的哲學問題，像是關於存在的問題，當代分析哲學家也發展和討論了關於語言的哲學問題，其主題涉及了意義的本質，語言和實在的關係，以及我們如何使用、學習、和理解語言。更具體地說，語言哲學至少探討了這些問題：什麼是意義？什麼是真理？什麼是指涉？意義和指涉如何關連在一起？語言溝通如何可能？在這門課裡，我們透過 Colin McGinn 對語言哲學裡數篇經典文獻的詮釋，包括 Frege 的 “On Sense and Reference” (1892)， Russell 的 “On Denoting” (1905) 等，來理解上述問題，以獲得對於語言哲學的基本認識。Analytical philosophy is one of the mainstreams of contemporary Western philosophy, and the philosophy of language constitutes an important part of analytic philosophy. According to Michael Dummett, what distinguishes analytic philosophy from other schools of thought is the belief that a philosophical interpretation of thought can be obtained through a philosophical interpretation of language, and only through a philosophical interpretation of language. obtained (1994: 4). Starting from mathematicians and philosophers such as Frege and Russell in the 19th century, meaning theory or philosophy of language has been regarded as the basis for all other categories in philosophy. They believe that philosophical problems can be solved through the exploration of language, promoting the development of philosophy. Made a linguistic turn. They often use logic as a tool for analysis and require clear and organized explanations. Today, the content covered in analytic philosophy is getting wider and wider, and the professional division of labor is becoming more detailed. Analytical philosophy is not only the philosophy of language, but it would be a pity if you do not know the philosophy of language. In addition to solving existing philosophical issues from the perspective of language, such as the question of existence, contemporary analytic philosophers have also developed and discussed philosophical issues about language, with themes involving the nature of meaning, the relationship between language and reality, and How we use, learn, and understand language. More specifically, philosophy of language explores at least these questions: What is meaning? What is truth? What is reference? How are meaning and reference related? How is verbal communication possible? In this course, we use Colin McGinn's interpretation of several classic documents in the philosophy of language, including Frege's "On Sense and Reference" (1892), Russell's "On Denoting" (1905), etc., to understand the above issues. To gain a basic understanding of the philosophy of language.
McGinn, Colin. Philosophy of Language: The Classics Explained. MIT Press, 2016.
MC gin N, Colin. philosophy of language: the classics explained. MIT press, 2016.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂參與課堂參與 class participation |
20 | 請多參與討論。 |
| 課堂口頭報告課堂口頭報告 Class oral report |
30 | 每次約10分鐘，一學期會有數次。 |
| 期末考期末考 final exam |
40 | 選擇題，可以看書和筆記。 |
