我們如何解釋地球上多樣的生物? 是什麼樣的過程造就出如此的生物多樣性? 我們如何能研究它? 系統分類與比較方法長久以來就是生態與演化學研究的重要基石。這個方法學起源於十八世紀初和十九世紀的自然學者(達爾文自己就是個中佼佼者)，他們觀察不同物種、地理區、和族群內的大量個體，描述各種觀察到的現象所產生的衍生模式，並提出生態與演化學上的解釋。現代以演化樹為基礎的比較方法用來發現物種間的模式在近幾年有快速的發展，比較方法是用來重建祖先特徵，測試適應假說，和推演出朔造表現型和生態特徵演化過程的一整套統計分析方法。
How do we explain the diverse life on earth? What processes create such biodiversity? How can we study it? Systematic classification and comparative methods have long been an important cornerstone of ecological and evolutionary research. This methodology originated from naturalists in the early 18th and 19th centuries (Darwin himself was a leader). They observed large numbers of individuals within different species, geographical areas, and populations, and described the consequences of various observed phenomena. Derived models and proposed ecological and evolutionary explanations. Modern evolutionary tree-based comparative methods for discovering patterns among species have developed rapidly in recent years. Comparative methods are used to reconstruct ancestral characteristics, test adaptive hypotheses, and deduce the evolution of phenotypic and ecological characteristics. A set of statistical analysis methods.
系統分類與比較方法長久以來就是生態與演化學研究的重要基石. 我們如何解釋地球上多樣的生物? 是什麼樣的過程造就出如此的生物多樣性? 我們如何能研究它? 比較方法學是一個強而有力的工具, 可以用來探討個體生物學裡幾個最重要的問題, 例如種化, 適應, 和共演化. 一個生物系群的種化模式為何? 我們如何發現趨同演化, 或是分歧適應? 為什麼物種甲和物種乙有共同的生態棲地?
Systematic classification and comparative methods have long been an important cornerstone of ecological and evolutionary research. How do we explain the diverse organisms on earth? What processes create such biodiversity? How can we study it? Comparative methodology is a A powerful tool for exploring some of the most important questions in individual biology, such as speciation, adaptation, and coevolution. What is the pattern of speciation in a group of organisms? How do we detect convergent evolution or divergence? Adapt? Why do species A and species B share a common ecological habitat?
1. Cladistics, 1998, 2nd ed., Ian Kitching et al., Oxford University Press.
2. Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach, 1998. Roderic Page & Edward Holmes, Blackwell Science.
3. The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology, 1991, Paul Harvey & Mark Pagel, Oxford University Press.
4. Inferring Phylogenetics, 2004, Joseph Felsenstein, Sinauer Associates.
5. Related references.
1. Cladistics, 1998, 2nd ed., Ian Kitching et al., Oxford University Press.
2. Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach, 1998. Roderic Page & Edward Holmes, Blackwell Science.
3. The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology, 1991, Paul Harvey & Mark Pagel, Oxford University Press.
4. Inferring Phylogenetics, 2004, Joseph Felsenstein, Sinauer Associates.
5. Related references.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課程討論與隨堂作業課程討論與隨堂作業 Course discussions and assignments |
35 | |
| 期末報告期末報告 Final report |
40 | |
| 出缺席出缺席 absent |
25 |
