[課程目標]：隨著人類文明的進展，疾病亦隨之變化。農業及畜牧業的發展讓人類定居及人口增加，成為微生物 (細菌、病毒、真菌、寄生蟲) 繁殖的溫床，繼而引發致命的瘟疫。再隨著貿易、旅行與殖民，更助長傳染病的全球散播。本課程的目標是介紹疾病的特性及其致病機制:首先以造成人類歷史劇烈衝擊的傳染病為例，討論發生的時代、傷亡的情形、防疫的措施、社會的影響等，藉以瞭解人類與微生物自古以來的長期戰鬥故事。二十世紀後，疫苗及抗生素的發明逐漸使傳染病得以控制，人類的壽命因而增長一倍。但由於活動範圍的擴展及生態環境的變化等因素，「新興」傳染病，如愛滋病、禽流感、SARS、伊波拉出血熱、茲卡病毒感染症及新冠肺炎等卻不斷爆發。除此之外，高齡伴隨著基因突變的累積，使癌症大幅增加。長壽也使阿茲海默症成為二十一世紀的重大疾病。而近幾十年以來，食物攝取不平衡及機械替代勞力等因素造成肥胖，引發高血壓、高血糖及血脂異常的代謝症候群。本課程的另一目標則是引導同學將通識融入專業，以跨領域的角度，瞭解疾病隨著人類的生活方式與文明發展而相互影響。
[課程內涵]：本課程以人類疾病為內涵，首先介紹人類歷史上細菌、病毒及原生生物導致的重大傳染病。這些疾病除了造成個人的病痛及死亡之外，自古以來，影響民族的盛衰、社會的枯榮與文明的起落。二十世紀以降，公共衛生觀念的進步、抗生素的發現及疫苗的使用逐漸控制了猖狂數千年的傳染病，但由於生態環境的變遷及物種疆界的模糊，世界各地又出現新興的傳染病，如愛滋病、SARS、禽流感，伊波拉出血熱、茲卡病毒感染症及新冠肺炎等，造成巨大的傷亡及全球的恐慌，充分顯示人類與微生物的共同演化及持久不斷的競爭。課程的後半部分將介紹現代威脅人類健康最甚的癌症、心血管疾病。阿茲海默症及精神疾病。癌症是由自身的細胞突變而成，本質上與正常細胞的差別不如微生物與人體間的差異那麼大，所以在治療過程的副作用較大，使人們談癌色變。至於血壓高、血糖高、血脂異常及肥胖則是現代人飲食不當、勞動不足產成的代謝症候群，加之複雜社會助長的精神疾病、高齡伴隨的老年失智，在在顯示疾病的種類因文明發展而改變。本課程希望帶領同學回顧歷史，探究文明與疾病的關聯，讓同學明瞭疾病與人如影隨形，實為生活與生命的一部份。而人類面臨疾病及死亡時的掙扎，將以《瘟疫》及《疾病的隱喻》兩本文學著作，剖析內心的挫折、偏見及恐懼。
[Course Target]: With the progress of human civilization, diseases also change. The development of agriculture and animal husbandry has caused human settlement and population to increase, becoming a temperature bed for microorganisms (bacteria, virus, fungi, parasitic cervix) to reproduce, leading to a deadly plague. With trade, travel and colonization, it will further contribute to the global spread of infected diseases. The purpose of this course is to introduce the characteristics of the disease and its pathogenic mechanism: first, take the infectious disease that causes violent impacts in human history as an example, discusses the occurrence era, the situation of death, epidemic prevention measures, and social impact, so as to understand the long-term battle stories between humans and microorganisms since ancient times. After the 20th century, the invention of vaccines and antibiotics gradually allowed infections to be controlled, and human life increased by twice. However, due to factors such as the expansion of the activity scope and the changes in the ecological environment, "New" infections, such as AIDS, avian influenza, SARS, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, ZKV infection and COVID-19, have been constantly erupting. In addition, high aging is accompanied by the accumulation of genetic changes, which greatly increases cancer. Long-term penis also makes Alzheimer's disease a major disease in the 21st century. In the past decade, factors such as food intake imbalance and mechanical substitution force have caused obesity, causing hypertension, hyperglycemia and abnormal blood lipids. Another goal of this course is to guide students to integrate knowledge into their profession, and understand the mutual influence of diseases through human lifestyle and civilization development from a cross-domain perspective.
[Connotation of course]: This course takes human diseases as its connotation, and first introduces major infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and protophytes in human history. In addition to causing personal illness and death, these diseases have affected the rise and fall of the nation, the withering of society and the rise and fall of civilization since ancient times. Since the 20th century, the progress of public health concepts, the discovery of antibiotics and the use of vaccines have gradually controlled the rampant infections for thousands of years. However, due to the changes in the environment and the blurred boundaries of species, new infections have emerged around the world, such as AIDS, SARS, avian influenza, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, ZKV infection and COVID-19, causing huge deaths and global panic, fully demonstrating the co-evolution of humans and microorganisms and the long-lasting competition. The second half of the course will introduce modern cancers and cardiovascular diseases that threaten human health the most. Alzheimer's disease and mental illness. Cancer is caused by the sudden change of its own cells. The difference between the essence and normal cells is not as big as the difference between microorganisms and humans, so the side effects in the treatment process are greater, causing people to talk about the color of cancer. As for the high blood pressure, high blood sugar, abnormal blood lipids and obesity, they are trophies caused by improper diet and insufficient health in modern people. In addition, the mental illnesses that contribute to complex society and the dementia of the elderly accompanied by high age are showing that the types of diseases have changed due to the development of civilization. This course hopes to bring students back to history and explore the relationship between civilization and disease, so that they can understand that diseases and people are like shadows, and are actually part of life and life. The human beings' suffocation when facing illness and death will use the two articles "Plague" and "The Metaphor of Disease" to analyze inner setbacks, prejudice and fear.
1.《槍砲、病菌與鋼鐵》(Guns, Germs, and Steel), Jared Diamond 著，1997。王道還、廖月娟譯，時報文化，1998。
2.《人類與瘟疫的故事》張浚、趙少欽著，新視野圖書出版公司，2006。
3.《病毒的故事》徐明達著，天下雜誌股份有限公司，2003。
4.《細菌的世界》徐明達著，二魚文化事業有限公司，2012。
5.《最衰者生存》(Survival of the Sickest), Sharon Moalem 著，2007。陳芝儀譯，天下遠見出版股份有限公司，2007。
6. 《疾病解密》，科學人雜誌特刊，2013。
7.《瘟疫》(The Plague, 1947), Albert Camus著，1947。周行之譯，新潮文庫，1969。
8.《疾病的隱喻》(Illness as Metaphor), Susan Sontag著，1977。程巍譯，麥田出版，2012。
1. Guns, Germs, and Steel, Jared Diamond, 1997. Wang Daoyan, Liao Yuejuan, Times Culture, 1998.
2. "The Story of Human and the Plague" by Zhang Jun and Zhao Shaoqing, New Vision Book Publishing Company, 2006.
3. "The Story of the Virus" by Xu Mingda, World Magazine Co., Ltd., 2003.
4. "The World of Bacteria" by Xu Mingda, Eryu Culture Industry Co., Ltd., 2012.
5. Survival of the Sickest, Sharon Moalem, 2007. Chen Zhiyan, Tianxia Far Publishing Co., Ltd., 2007.
6. "Deciphering Disease", Special Issue of Scientists' Magazine, 2013.
7. The Plague (1947), by Albert Camus, 1947. The translation of Zhou Xing, Xinchao Wenkuan, 1969.
8. "Illness as Metaphor", by Susan Sontag, 1977. Cheng Weilu, Published by Maitian, 2012.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂出席、參與及互動課堂出席、參與及互動 Class attendance, participation and interaction |
50 | 準時出席、課堂參與、口頭及書面作答 |
| 小組報告小組報告 Group Report |
50 | 口頭小組報告、參與及回饋其他同學的報告 |
