什麼是正常、不正常，什麼是常態、病態？這些概念怎麼形成，它們的區辨判準為何，更重要的是這些判準是怎麼產生的，在區辨劃異的操作下又造成什麼效果？常態/正常成為一種強制性，同時也具區分性和排除性，對異常、變態、失序的區別、篩選、裁決和排除。亦即進行常態管理和控制，因為這些非於常態的都被視為是常態分佈和常理掌握之外的例外、偏歧、錯誤、突變，構成了對醫學、生物學、身體體型、審美標準、感官習性、分類秩序甚至法律概念的挑戰和干擾，因而被視為一種威脅和危險，更需要被懲罰、矯正、治療和監管。但也正是透過常態的判準生產和分類操作，才得以召喚、製造出非於常態的一切物事，俾能將身體、生命納入治理的範圍，同時也展示並強化統治的力量。每一歷史階段和社會都會塑造出這類做為治理技術操練對象的群類，瘋子、痲瘋病患、陰陽人、歇斯底里症女人、精神病患、殘疾者，甚至無生產力者、社會偏差者都可能納入不正常範圍。
傅柯於1975年法蘭西學院的演講《不正常的人》，正是試圖從歷史脈絡回答上述問題。傅柯從歷史發展過程中找出三類不正常的人，自古羅馬時代即有的畸形人，十七、十八世紀的需要改造的人以及十八世紀末手淫的兒童。這三類人到了十九世紀被建構為不正常的人。它的形成與整個制度和一系列監視和分配機制有關，同時也發展出各自不同的干預策略、管理機制和操作技術。
這三種人在十九世紀末被建構為不正常的人，成為社會的危險，也成為法律、教育、醫學、精神病學的知識和權力客體，這些機構共同承擔保衛社會責任，對付來自不正常人的危險。不正常人乃成為一系列權力技術和知識的對象。傅柯《不正常的人》要探討的正是：規範化/常態化權力如何出現、它的形成以及它得以安置的方式，它從不只依靠一種制度，通過各種方式，最終在不同的制度中建立起來，在我們社會中擴展了它的統治權。
本課程目的：透過此書思考不同時代社會的常態標準如何形成，又如何界定、衡量、區劃和排除管治。最終則在追問一個事實：不正常是如何成為不正常，它們如何被差異化，以及差異對待，進而做為社會威脅的危險個體納入權力管治；再者，正常/常態又如何透過製造不正常/病態讓自身得以存在，讓治理成為日常生活遍在的機能。透過傅柯的《不正常的人》一書理解歷史過程中各式不正常人的形成以及被對待的策略和方法。也做為當代社會歧視和社會排除等相關問題的借鏡和思考。
What is normal and abnormal, what is normal and disease? How are these concepts formed, what are their regional judgments, and more importantly, how are these judgments produced, and what effect will they have caused under the differentiated operation? Regularity/normality is a kind of force, and at the same time it is also divided and excluded, distinguishing, filtering, deciding and excluding abnormal, changing, and disorderly. That is, to carry out normal management and control, because these non-normal ones are regarded as exceptions, deviations, errors, and confusions beyond the normal distribution and grasp of common sense, which constitute challenges and interferences against medicine, biology, body shape, aesthetic standards, sensory sensibility, classification order and even legal concepts, and are therefore regarded as a threat and danger, and need to be punished, corrected, treated and monitored. But it is also through the normal judgment of production and classification operations that we can call on and create everything that is not normal, so that the body and life can be included in the scope of governance, and at the same time, we can also demonstrate and strengthen the power of governance. Every historical stage and society will shape this group of people who are the subject of governance technology practice. Crazy, erectile dysfunction, hysterical women, mental patients, ill people, even those without production, and those with social deviations may be included in an abnormal range.
Fu Ke's lecture "The Unusual People" at the French Academy in 1975 was a trial of answering the above questions from the historical perspective. From the development of history, Fu Ke found three types of abnormal people, some deformed people who have been in the Roman era since ancient times, those in need of transformation in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, and children who masturbate in the eighteenth century. These three types of people were constructed as abnormal people in the 19th century. Its formation is related to the entire system and a series of monitoring and distribution mechanisms, and at the same time, it has also developed its own different operating strategies, management mechanisms and operating technologies.
These three people were constructed as abnormal people at the end of the 19th century, becoming social dangers, and also as intellectual and power objects in law, education, medicine, and psychiatry. These institutions jointly undertake the protection of social responsibility and deal with the dangers from abnormal people. Abnormal people become objects of a series of power technologies and knowledge. What Fu Ke wants to explore in "The Unusual People" is exactly how the standardization/normal power appears, its formation, and the way it is placed. It never relies on one system, through various methods, and finally established in different systems, expanding its rule in our society.
The purpose of this course: Through this book, we will think about how the common standards of society in different eras are formed, and how to define, measure, plan and exclude governance. Finally, we are chasing a fact: how abnormality becomes abnormal, how they are differentiated, and how differentiated, and then they are included in power governance as a dangerous danger of social threats; and how can normal/constant conditions allow themselves to exist through the creation of abnormal/disease, and make governance a function that is ubiquitous in daily life. Through Fu Ke's book "Abnormal People", we can understand the formation of various abnormal people and the strategies and methods of being treated in the historical process. It is also used as a borrowing and thinking about related issues such as contemporary social discrimination and social exclusion.
Foucault, Michael，《不正常的人：法蘭西學院演講系列，1974~1975》(Abnormal)（上海：上海人民出版社，2003）
Foucault, Michael, "Abnormal: The lecture series of the French Academy of Western Studies, 1974~1975" (Abnormal) (Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2003)
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂報告和出席課堂報告和出席 Class Reports and Attendance |
25 | 課程以講授和討論方式進行，每週安排同學負責閱讀材料之摘要報告，和閱讀心得，並提出問題。A4一頁，報告當天書面繳交。不定期點名，出席率列入平時成績計算。 |
| 平時作業平時作業 Normal operation |
25 | 每位同學需就各週之指定教材，任選六篇撰寫閱讀心得，期中考前和期末考前各繳三篇，每篇A4一頁左右書面繳交。 |
| 期中/期末考試期中/期末考試 Midterm/final exam |
50 | (各佔25%)申論題，不得攜書考試 |
