一般來說，我們總是習慣思考諸如「什麼是正義?」、「理想的世界該是如 何?」、「一個國家或是一個社會該是什麼樣?」、「什麼是我們人生應當追求 的?」……等等的問題，這些問題的答案，自上世紀末的蘇東劇變、第三波民主 化、全球化之後，我們曾經有過一段相對確定、相對有共識的時期，然而如
今，這些答案似乎開始逐漸受到了挑戰。 在這個或可稱為「後歷史終結」的年代，諸多事物的發展，似乎開始擺脫
我們這一代人以往所熟悉的，所被教育的模式。在我們不得不以冷靜的眼光重 新審視這個世界之前，或許我們得要先重新認識我們自己，重新審視那些我們
所熟悉的，甚至是所堅信的。
因此，這門課並不是要去探討上述那些問題的答案，指出什麼正確的東 西，而是要剖析追求這些答案的人，也就是我們自己。當然，作為社會性的動 物，這種對自我的剖析必然同時也是剖析塑造我們自我的社會。為什麼人總是 會有這些追求?為什麼我會將某些信仰、某些價值視為人生的答案，而不是另一 些?同時我們也會發現，這些追求，這些答案，似乎並不屬於我一個人，總是有 為數不少的他人與我相同。
所以我們要進一步的去問，那些被我們視為理所當然值得追求、值得捍 衛，甚至值得為其付出一切的種種，對我們來說究竟意味著什麼?與我們的關係 是什麼?我們為何總是對其如此渴望?而又是什麼力量使我與他人一致?意識形態
理論所要探討的，正是以上的這些問題。 本課程將從黑格爾開始，了解意識形態問題的源頭，接著是馬克思本人與
新馬克思主義的意識形態批判，最後是二十世紀後半葉，結合馬克思傳統與精 神分析的意識形態理論。期望透過這堂課的研讀，能培養修課者的反身性，使 我們面對當前這個變動又難以預料的世界，能始終保持清明而不躁動。
Generally speaking, we are always used to thinking about questions such as "What is justice?", "What should an ideal world be like?", "What should a country or a society be like?", "What should we pursue in life?" "...and so on. The answers to these questions. Since the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at the end of the last century, the third wave of democratization, and globalization, we have had a period of relative certainty and consensus. However, if
Today, these answers seem to be gradually being challenged. In this era, which may be called the "post-end of history," the development of many things seems to be beginning to break away from the
The model that our generation is familiar with and has been taught in the past. Before we have to re-examine the world with a calm eye, perhaps we have to re-understand ourselves and re-examine the things we
Familiar, even firmly believed.
Therefore, this course is not to explore the answers to the above questions and point out what is correct, but to analyze the people who pursue these answers, that is, ourselves. Of course, as social animals, this analysis of ourselves must also be an analysis of the society that shapes our selves. Why do people always have these pursuits? Why do I regard certain beliefs and certain values as the answers to life, but not others? At the same time, we will also find that these pursuits and these answers do not seem to belong to me alone. There are always a lot of other people like me.
So we have to further ask, what do those things that we take for granted, worth pursuing, worth defending, and even worth paying everything for, really mean to us? What is their relationship with us? Why are we always right? Is it so desirable? And what is the power that makes me consistent with others? Ideology
What the theory wants to explore is precisely the above issues. This course will begin with Hegel, looking at the origins of ideological problems, and continue with Marx himself and
Neo-Marxist critique of ideology, and finally the ideological theory of the second half of the twentieth century that combined the Marxist tradition with psychoanalysis. I hope that through the study of this class, we can cultivate the reflexivity of the students, so that we can always remain clear-headed and not restless in the face of the current changing and unpredictable world.
Karl Marx 著，中共中央馬恩列斯著作編譯局 編譯，1995，選自《馬克思恩格 斯選集》(第一卷) ：〈德意志意識形態〉。北京：人民出版社。
Antonio Gramsci 著，李鵬程 編譯，2008，選自《葛蘭西文選》：〈國家和市民 社會〉。北京：人民出版社。
Alexandre Kojève 著，姜志輝 譯，2005，選自《黑格爾導讀》：〈《精神現象學》 前六章概要〉。南京：譯林出版社
Louis Pierre Althusser 著，陳越、孟登迎 編譯，2003，選自《哲學與政治：阿 爾都塞讀本》：〈意識形態的國家機器－研究筆記〉。吉林：吉林人民出版社
Louis Pierre Althusser 著，趙文 譯，1993，選自《Louis Althusser, Écrits sur la psychanalyse》：〈Sur Marx et Freud〉。Paris：Éditions STOCK/IMEC
馬元龍 著，2006，《雅克．拉康：語言維度中的精神分析》。北京：東方出版社
Slavoj Žižek 著，季廣茂 譯，2001，《意識形態的崇高客體》。北京：中央編譯 局出版
Written by Karl Marx, compiled by the Compilation and Translation Bureau of Marx, Lenin and Lenin of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 1995, selected from "Selected Works of Marx and Engels" (Volume 1): "German Ideology". Beijing: People's Publishing House.
Written by Antonio Gramsci, compiled by Li Pengcheng, 2008, selected from "Selected Works of Gramsci": "State and Civil Society". Beijing: People's Publishing House.
Written by Alexandre Kojève, translated by Jiang Zhihui, 2005, selected from "Introduction to Hegel": "Summary of the first six chapters of "Phenomenology of Spirit"". Nanjing: Yilin Publishing House
Written by Louis Pierre Althusser, compiled by Chen Yue and Meng Dengying, 2003, selected from "Philosophy and Politics: Althusser Reader": "Ideological State Apparatus - Research Notes". Jilin: Jilin People's Publishing House
Written by Louis Pierre Althusser, translated by Zhao Wen, 1993, selected from "Louis Althusser, Écrits sur la psychanalyse": "Sur Marx et Freud". Paris: Éditions STOCK/IMEC
Ma Yuanlong, 2006, "Jacques. Lacan: Psychoanalysis in the Linguistic Dimension. Beijing: Oriental Publishing House
Written by Slavoj Žižek, translated by Ji Guangmao, 2001, "The Sublime Object of Ideology". Beijing: Published by the Central Compilation and Translation Bureau
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 出席(20%) 出席(20%) Attendance(20%) |
20 | 本學共有 14 次課程，將會進行 5 次隨機點名，每次 4 分，不可 補點，課堂小組討論時若整組未到，則整組組員額外扣 4 分。 |
| 每周提問(20%)每周提問(20%) Weekly questions (20%) |
20 | 每周上課前各組都需提前繳交一項針對該周閱讀文本內容 之提問，或相關議題，請以 100 至 300 字左右篇幅，交代清楚問題或議題的 脈絡，以便上課時討論。老師會對各組提問品質進行評分，每次最高 3 分。 |
| 小組討論(20%)小組討論(20%) Group discussion (20%) |
20 | 各組提出的問題會在上課時進行小組討論，討論過後回應 其他組提出的問題，整組組員可得 1 分，一次課程中不論回應次數，最高可 得 2 分。 |
| 期末作業(30%) 期末作業(30%) Final assignment (30%) |
30 | 期末每組自行選擇一部小說、電影或其他類型文本進行分 析，並繳交 5000 字報告。 |
