管理與商業心理學是應用心理學的一個學門，可以界定為把心理學應用於工商企業的經營管理、組織運作、人力資源、廣告宣傳、市場行銷、顧客滿意等。在工業革命之後，許多國家分別由農業轉型為工業社會，進而邁入充滿商業活動的「後工業社會」。工業社會引進機器大量生產，關注的重點在於生產力的提升；後工業社會著重於人性需求的滿足，包括組織成員及服務對象之心理和社會需求。當社會的商業活動愈來愈旺盛，愈需要藉助管理與商業心理學，以滿足心理和社會需求。
人性與行為是經理人的終極挑戰，包括自己的、員工的及顧客的，經理人大多數時間都在煩惱人、處理人的問題。不知道汽車性能與機械原理，一樣可以駕駛汽車，卻不知如何排除故障；不知道人性與行為原理，仍然可以從事管理工作，卻不容易做到「順性而為」。
心理學探討人性與行為，外顯活動與內隱的心思意念、七情六慾，都是心理學的研究範疇。理論雖多，四大學派的理論可以幫助經理人面面俱到、全面關照：行為學派從「環境面」看行為，探討情境刺激與制約因子對行為的影響；心理動力是「縱貫面」，整理自孩提以來深藏的心理情結；認知論者是「訊息處理面」，把人視為處理訊息的決策體；人本學派是「自我面」，從當事人的角度建構視窗。
以經理人如何提升部屬工作動機為例，行為學派運用胡蘿蔔與棍子，安排具激勵性的增強作用；心理動力回溯成長過程，清除邁向成功的心理障蔽；認知論者檢視歸因歷程，強化自我效能期待信念；人本論者，建構成功者的自我概念，自我概念帶動行為改變。經理人聆聽「管理大師」教誨之餘，「人性大師」也助你導覽心理世界，不妨抽空閱讀大師的傳世之作，充實經理人行為科學與人文素養。
Management and business psychology is a discipline of applied psychology, which can be defined as the application of psychology to the business management, organizational operations, human resources, advertising, marketing, customer satisfaction, etc. of industrial and commercial enterprises. After the Industrial Revolution, many countries transformed from agriculture to industrial society, and then entered a "post-industrial society" full of commercial activities. The industrial society introduces mass production of machines and focuses on the improvement of productivity; the post-industrial society focuses on the satisfaction of human needs, including the psychological and social needs of organizational members and service recipients. As business activities in society become more and more vigorous, management and business psychology are increasingly needed to meet psychological and social needs.
Human nature and behavior are the ultimate challenges for managers, including their own, their employees' and their customers'. Managers spend most of their time worrying about people and dealing with people's problems. If you don't know the performance and mechanical principles of a car, you can still drive a car, but you don't know how to troubleshoot problems; if you don't know the principles of human nature and behavior, you can still engage in management work, but it's not easy to "go with the flow."
Psychology explores human nature and behavior. Overt activities and implicit thoughts, emotions and desires are all within the scope of psychology. Although there are many theories, the theories of the four major schools can help managers cover all aspects and take comprehensive care of them: the behavioral school looks at behavior from the "environmental aspect" and explores the impact of situational stimuli and constraints on behavior; the psychological power school is the "longitudinal aspect" and organizes self- The psychological complex that has been hidden since childhood; Cognitive theorists are the "information processing side" and regard people as the decision-making body that processes information; the humanistic school is the "self side" and construct a window from the perspective of the person involved.
Taking how managers improve the work motivation of their subordinates as an example, the behavioral school uses carrots and sticks to arrange motivating reinforcements; psychodynamics traces back the growth process and clears the psychological barriers to success; epistemologists examine the attribution process to strengthen self-efficacy Expectation beliefs; humanists, construct the self-concept of successful people, and self-concept drives behavioral changes. While managers listen to the teachings of "Management Masters", "Humanity Masters" will also help you navigate the psychological world. You may wish to take the time to read the masters' handed down works to enrich managers' behavioral science and humanistic qualities.
【管理與商業心理學（第三版）】 林財丁 著/滄海/ISBN 9789865937782
[Management and Business Psychology (Third Edition)] Written by Lin Caiding/Canghai/ISBN 9789865937782
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 期中考期中考 midterm exam |
40 | |
| 期末考期末考 final exam |
40 | |
| 出席率出席率 Attendance |
20 |
