■ ※課程目標及內涵 (Course Objectives and Contents) (限1950中文字)
本課程主題為城市居住空間及台灣居住正義探討。其目標及內涵如下
第一, 理解19世紀以來城市形成歷程及居住區位選擇理論
首先, 台灣社會住宅比例偏低(不足5%), 青年及弱勢族群購屋困難(台北市房價所得比約14倍、新北市約12倍)。台灣建築系師生目前多以城市空間資源分配不公的馬克思批判視角看待社會住宅問題, 近年來若干執政者也錄續聘任批判學者擔任住宅政策要職, 但為何其問題仍不能根本解決? 我們需要多視角理解近代城市及其居住區形成原因, 審視近代工業發展歷史、各區(住宅區為主)區位形成原因, 政府主導及民間主導的住宅供應的成功與失敗經驗等等。再來,人類生活聚落中, 無論城市或鄉村, 居住空間始終佔據最重要位置。城市土地利用種類中, 居住區佔據最大面積。建築師執業的設計類型及建築系學生設計課業中, 居住區規劃設計亦佔據大部分時間。在都市計畫及建築學研究領域中,居住區及居住空間亦佔據重要地位。建築系學生有必要以宏觀視角看待城市住宅問題, 包括各國都市計畫中居住區規畫、土地供應方式、基礎設施建設、住宅型態類型、房地產市場、社會住宅發展、計畫與現實間差異等等問題, 以便在未來生涯中, 對城市社會住宅作出具體貢獻, 不僅是批判。
第二, 分析台灣都市計畫發展及其住宅政策演變
近代工業城市如何形成, 其居住區面臨哪些問題, 發達國家如何藉由都市計畫、土地供應及實質建設, 供給公共住宅, 又面臨哪些失敗經驗; 台灣自日據時期開始的都市計畫及土地重劃, 歷經國民政府遷台, 十大經濟建設, 產業外移及全球化, 台商回流及都市更新各階段, 台灣的都市發展及政策有何變化, 從早期的軍公教眷村、國民住宅到今日的社會住宅, 其政策內容及執行成果有何變化?
第三, 借鑒美國、英國、中國、香港、新家坡公共住宅建設成果
美國都市更新(Urban Renewal)基本未獲成功, 公共住宅署(HUD)目前主要負責住宅租賃及社區發展業務。英國的社會住宅(Social Housing)存量約佔整體住宅之1/4, 其成果較佳, 但倫敦周邊仍一房難求, 新鎮曾有相當成果, 但目前已淪為養老社區。中國房地產漲勢驚人, 大城市內卻有近三億流動人口聚居的城中村。香港的高房價及人均住房面積挾小的扭曲狀況, 間接引發社會不安。新家坡的組屋成果最佳, 其成供關鍵為何? 新家坡面積尚不及新北市, 其成功經驗可否於新北市複製?
第四, 台灣居住正義問題及相關房地產、都市更新、軌道交通問題
居住是基本人權, 不是商品, 這個基本觀念雖無疑異, 但是我們無法僅從分配視角看待台灣約850萬戶住宅, 因為住宅涉及土地、產權、世代、供給等諸多問題, 台灣住宅同時存在房價所得比高、自有率高、空屋率高及租金回報率低的三高一低茅盾。房屋與土地是私有產權, 不可能重新分配, 而且台灣家戶財富中,約41%來自房屋及土地, 許多中產階級最大財富來自自有房屋及土地的增值(同時也造成世代不公的問題)。社會住宅不能僅仰賴政府供給, 但是面對土地希缺、財政困難、行政效率等等問題, 目前僅台北市能提供較大量公宅(約2萬戶)。遠遠不及空間社會學者、崔媽媽基金會及無殼蝸牛聯盟等非營利團體希望目標。民間房地產力量可否引入社會住宅供給? 高空屋率現象有無改善方案? 是否都要台北市及新北市尋找公有土地建設, 還是加強軌道交通, 在遠郊及衛星城建設社會住宅?
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■ ※Course Objectives and Contents (limited to 1950 Chinese)
The theme of this course is an exploration of urban living space and Taiwan living righteousness. Its goals and connotations are as follows
First, understand the theory of urban formation since the 19th century and residential area selection
First of all, the proportion of social housing in Taiwan is relatively low (less than 5%), and it is difficult for young people and weak people to buy houses (the income from housing prices in Taipei is about 14 times and about 12 times in New Taipei City). Currently, most Taiwanese architecture students view social residential problems from the Marx critical perspective of unfair urban space resource allocation. In recent years, several politicians have also continued to hire critics to take on the role of residential policy, but why can't the problem be fundamentally solved? We need to understand the reasons for the formation of modern cities and their residential areas, examine the history of modern industrial development, the reasons for the formation of various districts (mainly residential areas), the success and failure experience of government-led and private-led residential supply, etc. Next, in the human settlements, no matter the city or country, the living space always takes up the most important position. Among urban land use categories, the residential area occupies the largest area. The design type of the architect's career and the design courses of the construction department, the living area planning design also takes up most of the time. In the field of urban planning and architecture research, residential areas and living spaces also play an important role. It is necessary for students in the architecture department to view urban residential problems from a macro perspective, including residential areas in urban plans, land supply methods, basic facilities construction, residential types, real estate market, social residential development, planning and real-life differences, etc., so as to make specific contributions to urban social residential buildings in the future, not only criticism.
Second, analyze the development of urban planning in Taiwan and its residential policy evolution
How to form a modern industrial city, what problems are facing in its residential areas, how to provide public housing through urban planning, land supply and practical construction, and what failures have occurred; Taiwan’s urban planning and land re-planning that began in Japan, has been engaged in Taiwan through the National Government’s employment, the top ten economic construction, industry migration and globalization, Taiwanese business return and urban renewal stages, what changes have been made in Taiwan’s urban development and policies, from the early military education villages and national residential buildings to today’s social housing, What changes have been made in its policy content and implementation results?
Third, borrow the achievements of public housing construction in the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Hong Kong and Xinjiapo
Urban Renewal in the United States has basically not been successful, and the Public Housing Administration (HUD) is currently mainly responsible for residential rental and community development businesses. The stock of social housing in the UK accounts for about 1/4 of the total housing, and its results are good, but it is still difficult to find a house around London. New Town once had considerable results, but it has now become a nursing home. China's real estate industry is amazing, and there are nearly 300 million urban villages with migrant populations in big cities. The high housing prices and small distortions in Hong Kong have caused social unrest. Xinjiapo’s houses have the best results. Why is it a key to supply? The area of Xinjiapo is not as big as that of New Taipei City. Can its successful experience be copied in New Taipei City?
Fourth, Taiwan’s residence justice problems and related real estate, urban renewal, and road traffic problems
Residence is basic human rights, not commodity. Although this basic concept is undoubtedly different, we cannot only view about 8.5 million residential houses in Taiwan from the perspective of distribution. Because housing involves many problems such as land, property rights, generations, and supply, there are also three highs and one low Maodun with high housing income ratio, high self-owned rate, high vacancy rate and low rental return rate. Houses and land are private property and cannot be redistributed. Moreover, about 41% of Taiwan’s household wealth comes from houses and land, and many of the largest middle-class wealth comes from the appreciation of their own houses and land (also it also causes generational injustice problems). Social housing cannot only rely on government supply, but in the face of problems such as land shortage, financial difficulties, administrative efficiency, etc., only Taipei City can provide a large number of public housing (about 20,000 yuan). Non-profit groups such as the space social scientist, the Choi Mother Foundation and the Caseless Bull Alliance hope to target. Can private real estate forces introduce social housing supply? Is there no improvement plan for high-altitude housing rates? Are there all public land constructions in Taipei and New Taipei City, or are there any strengthening of road traffic and building social housing in the suburbs and Satellite City?
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■※主要參考書籍/資料 (Textbooks and References) (教科書遵守智慧財產權觀念不得非法影印) (限4000字
1 Lewis Momford, 宋俊岭,倪文彥(譯),The Cite in History(城市發展史),第15-17章,中國建築工業出
版社,2005
2 Peter Hall, Cities of Tomorrow(明日之城), 第1-5章,同濟大學出版社, 2001
3 劉芳,城市住區空間區位決策與選擇, 中國電力出版社, 2007
4 盧偉民,大都市郊區住區的組織與發展, 東南大學出版社, 2002
5 吳良鏞,建築,城市, 人居環境大都市郊區住區的組織與發展, 東南大學出版社, 2002
6 張景森, 台灣的都市計畫(1895~1988), 業強出版社, 1993
7 林益厚, 人口與都市發展, 詹氏書局, 2004
8 林建元等, 都市計畫的新典範,中華民國都市計畫學會, 2004
9 US Community Survey 2014-2018 US Census Bureau
www.census.gov/topics/housing.html
Housing Affordability in England and Whales:2018
10 Office for National Statistics, UK
www.ons.gov.uk/housing/bulletins
11 2017城鄉建設統計年鑑, 中國住房及城鄉建社部, www.mohurd.gov.cn
12 99年台灣人口及住宅普查, 行政院主計處,www.sta.gov.tw
13 楊紹華等,打假球的居住正義, 今周刊1190期, 2019
14 黃麗玲,土地與住宅：住宅做為商品或社會人權？。頁381-399。發展研究與當代台灣社會。簡旭伸、王振寰主編，臺北：五南出版社。
15 黃麗玲（2011）臺灣的住宅政策、住宅問題以及住宅運動：以台北市為焦點。當代城市：問題與方法。陳映芳、水內俊雄、鄧永成、黃麗玲等著。上海古籍出版社：現代城市社會研究叢書。
16 台大土木研究所（1988）台灣的住宅政策：「國民住宅計畫」之社會學分析。台北：國立台灣大學土木工程研究所都市計劃研究室。
17 萬科企業,英國領事館文化教育處, 雙城筆記_中英解決社會住房的思想火花, 汕頭大學出版社, 2007
18 田野, 轉型期中國城市不同階層混合居住研究, 中國建築工業出版社, 2008
19 陳怡伶、黎德星，2010，〈新自由主義化、國家與住宅市場，臺灣國宅政策的演變〉，《地理學報》，第五十九期：105-131。
20 內政部，整體住宅政策(104.9.15核定版) https://goo.gl/qwF8Vw ．社會住宅聯盟（2011），〈台灣社會住宅說帖〉，1-7頁。 https://goo.gl/MGrKVJ ．居住NEXT goo.gl/XwzwP1 ．林文郎編（1989）到有殼之路：對當前住屋政策的批判與主張。南方叢書出版社。
21 臺北市政府公共住宅資訊網http://www.housing.gov.taipei/ph/home 規劃設計議題（案例分析）：《公共住宅規劃設計準則》 都市再生、都市更新和公共住宅的關係：《國家住宅及都市更新中心設置條例》等 公共住宅比例（混居）的問題：《台北市公共住宅出租辦法》
22 營建署, 住宅, www. public housing/gov.tw, 107年統計年報
23 賴宗裕 李家儂 何天河台灣地區新市鎮土地開發方式之再檢視－ 以淡海新市鎮為例
24 青年的住宅問題與可能出路 Forrest, Ray and Yip, Ngai-ming (2013)Young people and housing : transitions, trajectories, and generational fractures. London ; New York : Routledge
25 黃麗玲（2017）台灣的青年貧窮化與住宅問題。頁40-59。城市治理研究（第一卷）：賦權、住宅供給與居住生活保障。上海交通大學出版社。
26 民視異言堂 德國合作住宅介紹 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iM6ZHBuxq0Y
■※Main reference books/data (Textbooks and References) (Textbooks and References are not allowed to illegally copy the concept of smart property rights) (limited to 4,000 words
1 Lewis Momford, Song Junling, Ni Wen-chan (translation), The Cite in History, Chapters 15-17, China Construction Industry
Press, 2005
2 Peter Hall, Cities of Tomorrow, Chapters 1-5, Tongji University Press, 2001
3 Liu Fang, Urban residential space decisions and choices, China Power Publishing House, 2007
4 Lu Weimin, organization and development of residential areas in suburban areas of metropolitan areas, Southeast University Press, 2002
5 Wu Liangliang, architecture, city, living environment, organization and development of residential areas in suburban areas of metropolitan areas, Southeast University Press, 2002
6 Zhang Jingsen, Taiwan’s Urban Plan (1895~1988), Business Publishing House, 1993
7 Lin Yihou, Population and Urban Development, Zhan’s Book Bureau, 2004
8 Lin Jianyuan et al., New Classics of Urban Planning, Chinese Society for Urban Planning, 2004
9 US Community Survey 2014-2018 US Census Bureau
www.census.gov/topics/housing.html
Housing Affordability in England and Whales:2018
10 Office for National Statistics, UK
www.ons.gov.uk/housing/bulletins
11 2017 Urban Construction Constitutional Year Award, China Housing and Urban Construction Social Affairs Ministry, www.mohurd.gov.cn
12 12 1999 Taiwan Population and Residential Census, Executive Yuan Main Position, www.sta.gov.tw
13 Yang Shuhua and others, the residence of counterfeit football, Issue 1190 of this week, 2019
14 Huang Liling, Land and Residential: Is the residence used as a commodity or social right? . Page 381-399. Development research and contemporary Taiwanese society. Edited by Jian Xushen and Wang Zhenhuan, Taipei: Wunan Publishing House.
15 Huang Liling (2011) Taiwan’s residential policies, residential problems and residential movements: Focus on Taipei City. Contemporary cities: Questions and methods. Chen Yingfang, Shui Nai Junxiong, Dun Yongcheng, Huang Liling and others. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House: Modern Urban Society Research Book.
16 Taiwan’s Civil Engineering Institute (1988) Residential Policy of Taiwan: Social Analysis of “National Residential Plans”. Taipei: Urban Planning Research Office, Civil Engineering Research Institute, National Taiwan University.
170,000 enterprises, British leader’s cultural education office, dual city notes_Sparks of thought in solving social housing in China and the UK, Shantou University Press, 2007
18 Field, Research on Mixed Residence in Different Levels of Chinese Cities during the Transformation Period, China Construction Industry Press, 2008
19 Chen Yiling and Li Dexing, 2010, "Neo-liberalism, National and Residential Markets, The Evolution of Taiwan's Home Policy", "Geography News", No. 59: 105-131.
20 Ministry of Interior, Overall Housing Policy (104.9.15 approved version) https://goo.gl/qwF8Vw. Social Residential Alliance (2011), "Taiwan Social Residential Posts", pages 1-7. https://goo.gl/MGrKVJ . Residence NEXT goo.gl/XwzwP1. Editor of Lin Wenlang (1989) to the Road to Case: Criticism and Proposal of Current Housing Policy. Southern Book Publishing House.
21 Taipei Municipal Government Public Housing Information Network http://www.housing.gov.taipei/ph/home Planning Design Question (Case Analysis): "Public Housing Planning Design Guidelines" Urban Regeneration, Urban Renewal and Public Housing Relations: "National Housing and Urban Renewal Center Setting Regulations", etc. Public Housing Proportion (Mixed Living) Question: "Taipei Public Housing Leasing Regulations"
22 Construction and Construction Bureau, Residential, www. public housing/gov.tw, 107-year statistical annual report
23 陈彩 Li Jiayan Re-examination of the land development method of Xinshi Town, He Tianhe, Taiwan District - Taking Tanhai Xinshi Town as an example
24 Residential problems and possible ways out forrest, Ray and Yip, Ngai-ming (2013)Young people and housing : transitions, trajectories, and generational fractures. London ; New York : Routledge
25 Huang Liling (2017) Youth internship and residential problems in Taiwan. Page 40-59. Urban Governance Research (Volume 1): Payment, Residential Supply and Residential Life Security. Shanghai Jiaotong University Press.
26 People's Voice House Introduction to German Cooperative Residential Home https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iM6ZHBuxq0Y
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 上課及討論上課及討論 Classes and discussions |
50 | |
| 期中報告期中報告 Midterm Report |
25 | |
| 期末報告期末報告 Final report |
25 |
