本課程屬哲學系「社會與政治」模組課程，旨在討論近代至當代政治哲學關於個人「權利」與「分配」的問題。課程將從哲學經典出發，以歷史與思想的發展為軌跡、當前議題為依歸，依序循著這些線索進行問題的釐清與分析，讓同學在課程討論中能精要地掌握這些問題的核心，運用哲學的統整分析能力，建立自己的觀點與嘗試提出因應之道。

在課程的一開始我們將先追溯近代權利問題的起源，從洛克（John Locke）、盧梭（Jean-Jacques Rousseau）政治哲學的經典文本談起，擇要閱讀原典段落，以理解這些民主理論成立的基礎，並交代當時歷史背景與此番理論所造成的影響。接著，我們將焦點轉向十八世紀工業革命以後歐洲社會所面臨的實際問題，探討之後所興起的社會主義思想，尤其是馬克思（Karl Marx）對資本主義的批判與回應，以及共產主義對歐洲所造成的震撼、遺留的問題等等。最後，我們將討論聚焦在當前的社會、經濟與政治中關於「分配」的問題，從前述的權利理論與馬克思的政治經濟學分析方式，能否給當代國與國之間、人與人之間的貧富差距或不平等、經濟發展停滯與窮忙、民主的危機等提供一些可能的答案。

This course is part of the "Society and Politics" module course of the Department of Philosophy. It aims to discuss issues related to individual "rights" and "distribution" in modern to contemporary political philosophy. The course will start from the philosophical classics, take the development of history and thought as the trajectory, and current issues as the basis. It will follow these clues in order to clarify and analyze the issues, so that students can grasp the core of these issues in the course discussion, use the integrated analysis ability of philosophy to establish their own opinions and try to propose solutions.

At the beginning of the course, we will trace the origins of modern rights issues, starting from the classic texts of political philosophy such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. We will read selected passages from the original classics to understand the basis for the establishment of these democratic theories, and explain the historical background of the time and the impact of this theory. Then, we turn our focus to the practical problems faced by European society after the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, and explore the socialist ideas that emerged after that, especially Karl Marx’s criticism and response to capitalism, as well as the shock caused by communism to Europe and the problems it left behind, etc. Finally, we will focus our discussion on the issue of "distribution" in current society, economy, and politics. From the aforementioned rights theory and Marx's political economics analysis method, can we provide some possible answers to the wealth gap or inequality between contemporary countries and people, stagnant economic development and poverty, and the crisis of democracy?

盧梭（Jean-Jacques Rousseau）（1986）《論人類不平等的起源和基礎》。李常山譯。台北：唐山出版社。
盧梭（1997）《社會契約論》。何兆武 譯。北京：商務印書館。
盧梭（2015）《德行墮落與不平等的起源》。苑舉正 譯。台北：聯經出版。
洛克（John Locke）（1997）《政府論 下篇》。葉啟芳、瞿菊衣 譯。北京：商務印書館。
密爾（J. S. Mill）（2006）《論自由》。許寶騤 譯。北京：商務印書館。
馬克思（Karl Marx）、恩格斯（Friedrich Engels）（2000）《共產黨宣言》。中共中央馬克思恩格斯列寧斯大林著作編譯局 譯。北京：人民出版社。
托瑪．皮凱提（Thomas Piketty）（2014）《二十一世紀資本論》。詹文碩、陳以禮 譯。新北：衛城出版。
大衛．哈維（David Harvey）（2016）《資本社會的17個矛盾》。許瑞宋 譯。台北：聯經出版。

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1986) "On the Origin and Basis of Human Inequality". Translated by Li Changshan. Taipei: Tangshan Publishing House.
Rousseau (1997) The Social Contract. Translated by He Zhaowu. Beijing: Commercial Press.
Rousseau (2015) The Fall of Virtue and the Origin of Inequality. Translated by Yuan Juzheng. Taipei: Lianjing Publishing House.
John Locke (1997) "Treatise of Government Part 2". Translated by Ye Qifang and Qu Juyi. Beijing: Commercial Press.
J. S. Mill (2006) On Liberty. Translated by Xu Baoqian. Beijing: Commercial Press.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (2000) The Communist Manifesto. Translated by the Compilation and Compilation Bureau of the Works of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin, Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Beijing: People's Publishing House.
Thomas. Thomas Piketty (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Translated by Zhan Wenshuo and Chen Yili. New Taipei: Acropolis Publishing.
David. David Harvey (2016) "17 Contradictions of Capitalist Society". Translated by Xu Ruisong. Taipei: Lianjing Publishing House.