本課程屬哲學系「社會與政治」模組課程，旨在討論近代至當代政治哲學關於個人「權利」與「分配」的問題。課程將從哲學經典出發，以歷史與思想的發展為軌跡、當前議題為依歸，依序循著這些線索進行問題的釐清與分析，讓同學在課程討論中能精要地掌握這些問題的核心，運用哲學的統整分析能力，建立自己的觀點與嘗試提出因應之道。
在課程的一開始我們將先追溯近代權利問題的起源，從洛克（John Locke）、盧梭（Jean-Jacques Rousseau）政治哲學的經典文本談起，擇要閱讀原典段落，以理解這些民主理論成立的基礎，並交代當時歷史背景與此番理論所造成的影響。接著，我們將焦點轉向十八世紀工業革命以後歐洲社會所面臨的實際問題，探討之後所興起的社會主義思想，尤其是馬克思（Karl Marx）對資本主義的批判與回應，以及共產主義對歐洲所造成的震撼、遺留的問題等等。最後，我們將討論聚焦在當前的社會、經濟與政治中關於「分配」的問題，從前述的權利理論與馬克思的政治經濟學分析方式，能否給當代國與國之間、人與人之間的貧富差距或不平等、經濟發展停滯與窮忙、民主的危機等提供一些可能的答案。
This course is a Philosophy Department’s “Social and Political” module course, aiming to discuss issues from modern to contemporary political philosophy about personal “rights” and “distribution”. The course will be developed from philosophical classics, and based on the development of history and ideas, and follow these threads to clarify and analyze the questions in sequence, so that students can accurately grasp the core of these questions in the course discussion, use the philosophical analysis ability to establish their own perspectives and try to propose reasons.
At the beginning of the course, we will first trace the origins of modern rights issues, discuss the classic texts of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's political philosophy, and read the original paragraphs to understand the basis of the establishment of these democratic theories, and explain the historical background at that time and the impact of this theory. Then, we turn our focus to the actual problems faced by European society after the 18th Century Industrial Revolution, explore the socialist ideas that aroused afterwards, especially Karl Marx's criticism and response to capitalism, as well as the shock and remaining problems caused by communism to Europe, and so on. Finally, we will discuss the issue of "distribution" in current society, economy and politics. From the aforementioned rights theory and Marx's political economic analysis method, can provide some possible answers to contemporary countries and countries, the gap or inequality between people, the ceasefire of economic development and busyness, and the crisis of democracy.
盧梭（Jean-Jacques Rousseau）（1986）《論人類不平等的起源和基礎》。李常山譯。台北：唐山出版社。
盧梭（1997）《社會契約論》。何兆武 譯。北京：商務印書館。
盧梭（2015）《德行墮落與不平等的起源》。苑舉正 譯。台北：聯經出版。
洛克（John Locke）（1997）《政府論 下篇》。葉啟芳、瞿菊衣 譯。北京：商務印書館。
密爾（J. S. Mill）（2006）《論自由》。許寶騤 譯。北京：商務印書館。
馬克思（Karl Marx）、恩格斯（Friedrich Engels）（2000）《共產黨宣言》。中共中央馬克思恩格斯列寧斯大林著作編譯局 譯。北京：人民出版社。
托瑪．皮凱提（Thomas Piketty）（2014）《二十一世紀資本論》。詹文碩、陳以禮 譯。新北：衛城出版。
大衛．哈維（David Harvey）（2016）《資本社會的17個矛盾》。許瑞宋 譯。台北：聯經出版。
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1986) Discussing the Origin and Foundation of Human Inequality. Li Changshan translated. Taipei: Tangshan Publishing House.
Lusso (1997) Social Contract Discussion. He Zhaowu translated. Beijing: Commercial Printing Library.
Luso (2015) "The Origin of Fallen and Inequality of Morality". Yuan Shu Zheng. Taipei: Published in the Internet.
John Locke (1997) "Government Proposition 2". Ye Qifang and Qu Juyi are translated. Beijing: Commercial Printing Library.
J. S. Mill (2006) Freedom of the Discussion. Thank you for sharing. Beijing: Commercial Printing Library.
Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels (2000) "Communist Party Manifesto". The translation of the works of Marx and Engels and Lening Stalin of the CPC Central Committee. Beijing: People's Publishing House.
Toma. Thomas Piketty (2014) "Twenty-first Century Capital Discussion". Zhan Wenxi and Chen Yirong. New Taipei: Published by Wucheng.
David. David Harvey (2016) "17 Contradictions in Capital Society". Xu Rui Song Lu. Taipei: Published in the Internet.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 平時成績平時成績 Regular achievements |
50 | 出缺席及上課表現、小作業或課堂討論、小組討論。 |
| 期中考期中考 Midterm exam |
20 | 期中筆試。 |
| 期末考或期末報告。期末考或期末報告。 Final exam or final report. |
30 | 筆試或報告，教師得視實際教學情況調整。 |
