在先秦人性思想中，最為後世所注目的，首當其衝的是孟子對人性與告子的論辯。然而，孟子性善之論辯，實則是為確立人在宇宙萬物中價值的優先序位。換言之，討論人性善惡的問題，並非只為解釋說明人是善是惡(因兩者同為人類事實所具有)，而是為了確立一切道理必須先根本於人性這一基礎的原因及重要性。孟子的論辯，是環繞在這一主軸上開展的。這「道本於人」確為儒學思想體系的價值核心，亦同為中國文化本質區隔於人類其他文明的特殊意義所在，因而針對此一問題的論究固然也十分重要。但也因此，我們在孟子性善論辯中其實並無法真正看到有關人性內涵完整面相的分析論述。首次對人性內涵及面相進行完整勾勒的，為詩經，特別是其中的「二南」(〈周南〉、〈召南〉)。從孔子「興於詩，立於禮，成於樂」、「人而不為周南、召南，其猶正牆面而立也與」等說話，可明顯看到詩於孔子而言在人性之道(德行價值世界之建立)中的根本性。《詩》以〈風〉為道理之本，所反映的，正是對這人民其民性、人性總體面貌的勾勒，亦以此作為對人其人性道理之教導與揭示。透過《詩》的閱讀，分析這人性內涵完整面相及其道理深度，因而成為本課程關注之重心。Among the pre-Qin human nature thoughts, the most important thing that later generations noticed was Mencius's discussion on human nature and Gaozi. However, Mencius's argument for good nature is actually the priority of establishing the value of man in all things in the universe. In other words, discussing the problem of human nature's goodness and evil is not just to explain whether a person is good or evil (because the two are both human facts), but to establish all principles, we must first base the reasons and importance of human nature. Mencius's argument was developed on this main axis by circumference. This "Tao is based on people" is indeed the core of the value of the Confucian ideological system, and it is also the special meaning of the Chinese cultural essence separated from other human civilizations. Therefore, the discussion on this issue is of course very important. But therefore, in Mencius's theory of nature, we cannot really see an analytical analysis on the complete connotation of human nature. The first complete outline of the connotation and aspects of human nature is the "Er Nan" (〈Zhou Nan> and〈Zhao Nan>) among them. From Confucius's words such as "Enjoying from poems, standing in gifts, becoming joy" and "Man is not Zhou Nan or Zhao Nan, but standing in front of his face" can clearly see the fundamental nature of poems in the way of human nature (the establishment of the world of virtue and value). "Pen" takes "Feng" as the basis of reason, and reflects the outline of the people's nature and overall human nature, and also uses this as a teaching and revelation of the principles of human nature. Through the reading of "Pen", analyzing the complete aspects of the connotation and depth of the human nature and thus becomes the focus of this course.
主要參考書目
‧漢‧鄭玄，《毛詩鄭箋》
‧清‧焦循，《孟子正義》
‧《十三經注疏‧毛詩注疏》、《十三經注疏‧孟子注疏》
其他參考書目
‧譚家哲，《詩文學思想》卷二
‧簡良如，《詩經論稿》，卷一
‧沈澤宜譯注，《詩經新解》
Main reference books
‧Han‧Zheng Xuan, "Mao Fan and Zheng"
‧Qing Dynasty‧Jiao Xun, "Mencius Zhengyi"
‧"Thirteen Annotations and Commentary on Mao's Poetry", "Thirteen Annotations and Commentary on Mencius"
Other reference books
‧Jing Jiazhe, Volume 2 of "Praise and Literature Thoughts"
‧Simple, "Draft of Poetry", Volume 1
‧Shen Zeyi translated the notes, "New Explanation of the Poetry"
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 期中評量期中評量 Midterm evaluation |
30 | 採筆試申論題方式進行 |
| 期末評量期末評量 Final evaluation |
40 | 視情況得採筆試或書面報告方式進行 |
| 課堂小組報告課堂小組報告 Classroom group report |
15 | 根據授課所閱讀的典籍指定小組報告章節 |
