Niklas Luhmann－當代社會理論重要人物之一。從一開始聽到、學到社會學，一直到現在，你認為「社會」是什麼？是個人的加總，是結構，是行動，還是一個抽象無可名狀的空間？Luhmann給的答案是，社會是社會系統的三個形式之一，另外兩個形式是組織和互動。過去，我們很習慣地認為，組織和互動是社會的形式，但是，在Luhmann的理論中，這三個形式以簡單到複雜的方式，描述了社會系統的存在，互動是最單純的社會系統，組織次之，而社會則是最複雜的社會系統。由此開展，我們已經可以注意到Luhmann的理論企圖，他試著以「社會系統」這個再更抽象一點的概念，來涵括社會學中常談的互動和組織，以及已經視之為理所當然、很少談到的社會。光就他對於社會二字的反思性，就足以讓Luhmann與其他的社會學家區別開來，這也是我認為他的理論值得一唸的原因。Niklas Luhmann - One of the important figures in contemporary social theory. From the beginning of hearing, learning to social studies, and until now, what do you think "society" is? Is it the addition of individuals, the structure, the action, or an abstract and indescribable space? Luhmann's answer is that society is one of the three forms of the social system, and the other two are organization and interaction. In the past, we were very accused of organization and interaction as social forms, but in Luhmann's theory, these three forms describe the existence of social systems in a simple to complex way. Interaction is the simplest social system, followed by organization, and society is the most complex social system. From this we can already notice Luhmann's theoretical plan, who tried to use the more abstract concept of "social system" to include the interactions and organizations commonly discussed in society, as well as the society that has been taken for granted and rarely discussed. His reflection on the word "social" alone is enough to separate Luhmann from other social scientists, which is why I think his theory is worth scrutinizing.
課程讀本：（擇一）
1.Margot Berghaus，2016，《魯曼一點通：系統理論導引》，張錦惠譯，台北：暖暖。
2.Georg Kneer / Armin Nassehi，2000，《盧曼社會系統理論導引》，魯貴顯譯，台北：巨流。
Course Reading: (Section 1)
1. Margot Berghaus, 2016, "Ruman Yidian: Introduction to System Theory", Zhang Huilu, Taipei: Nuannuan.
2. Georg Kneer / Armin Nassehi, 2000, "Introduction to the Theory of Luman Social Systems", Luxury Translation, Taipei: Juliu.
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