本課程屬哲學系「社會與政治」模組課程，旨在以「哲學」為出發點，思考與探討「民主」為何、民主的發展和危機，以及當代資本主義與全球化對民主帶來的挑戰及社會問題，嘗試從哲學思考的角度尋求解決之道。
課程所設定的對象為哲學系日間部大二至大四學生，在符合本系「理論與實踐兼顧」宗旨及模組精神的前提底下，從哲學經典文本到當代具體問題、在哲學與政治經濟學間，以跨領域的方式探討相關議題。首先，我們將從古希臘的城邦政治談起，回顧孕育出西方哲學與民主的雅典體制，其「雅典式民主」的特色為何，以及柏拉圖對雅典民主的批判；接著從亞里斯多德的觀點看其對雅典及諸政治體制的評價。再來，我們將焦點放到近、現代民主國家的興起，討論從羅馬帝國的興亡到中世紀基督宗教的介入，以及現代民主理論的成形，並聚焦在對現代民主貢獻甚鉅的盧梭，從其對文明與不平等的看法預見當代政治的難題。最後，我們要把眼光拉回到當代，從戰後民主與資本主義的發展，乃至經貿自由、全球化所引發的各種不平等、金融風暴等經濟、社會問題，及這些問題所導致的政治反響，實際對當今世界所面臨的各種問題有所認識，並嘗試運用哲學思考提出回應。
本課程所涉及的主題雖廣，但期望藉由此種全景式的精要討論，能拓展修課學生的視野及國際觀，從哲學文本中體會到哲學家對現世問題的熱忱，效法哲學家的精神，將哲學思想用在自身所面對的現代世界中，讓哲學真正「活過來」。
This course is the "Social and Political" model course in the Department of Philosophy. It aims to take "philosophy" as a development point, think about and explore the reasons for "democracy", the development and crisis of democracy, as well as the challenges and social problems brought to democracy by contemporary capitalism and globalization, and try to find a solution from the perspective of philosophical thinking.
The object set by the course is sophomore to senior students from the Japanese department of the Department of Philosophy. On the premise of conforming to the "combination of theory and practice" of this department, we will explore related issues in a cross-domain way from philosophical classical text to contemporary specific problems, and in the field of philosophy and political economy. First, we will discuss the Athenian system that nurtured Western philosophy and democracy from ancient Greek city-state politics, what is its characteristics of "Athenic democracy" and Platz's criticism of Athenian democracy; then look at his evaluation of Athenian and political systems from Aristotle's perspective. Next, we focus on the rise of recent and modern democratic countries, discuss the extinction of the Roman Empire to the intervention of medieval Christianity, and the formation of modern democratic theories, and focus on Lusso, who has made great contributions to modern democracy, and foresee the difficulties of contemporary politics from his views on civilization and inequality. Finally, we must look back to the present, from the development of post-war democracy and capitalism, to economic and social problems such as trade freedom and globalization, financial storm, and political responses caused by political freedom, and these problems, we will actually understand the various problems facing the world today, and try to respond to them through philosophical thinking.
Although the topics involved in this course are broad, it is expected that through this panoramic and concise discussion, we can expand the students' vision and international view of the course, and we can from the philosophical texts to philosophers' enthusiasm for the present problems, imitate the philosopher's spirit, and use philosophical thoughts in the modern world that we face, so that philosophy can truly "live".
原典主要參考版本：
柏拉圖（Plato）（1997）《理想國》。郭斌和、張竹明 譯。北京：商務印書館。
柏拉圖（2002）《柏拉圖全集．第1卷》。王曉朝 譯。北京：人民出版社。
柏拉圖（2003）《柏拉圖全集．第2卷》。王曉朝 譯。北京：人民出版社。
亞里斯多德（Aristotle）（1997）《政治學》。吳壽彭 譯。北京：商務印書館。
亞里斯多德（1999）《雅典政制》。日知、力野 譯。北京：商務印書館。
盧梭（Jean-Jacques Rousseau）（1986）《論人類不平等的起源和基礎》。李常山譯。台北：唐山出版社。
盧梭（1997）《論科學與藝術》。何兆武 譯。北京：商務印書館。
盧梭（1997）《社會契約論》。何兆武 譯。北京：商務印書館。
盧梭（1999）《愛彌兒 論教育》。李平漚 譯。北京：商務印書館。
盧梭（2015）《德行墮落與不平等的起源》。苑舉正 譯。台北：聯經出版。
The main reference version of the original text:
Plato (1997) "The Ideal Country". Guo Binhe and Zhang Zhuming translated. Beijing: Commercial Printing Library.
Plata (2002) "The Complete Works of Plata (Plata). Volume 1. The king passed away. Beijing: People's Publishing House.
Plata (2003) "The Complete Works of Plata (Plata). Volume 2. The king passed away. Beijing: People's Publishing House.
Aristotle (1997) "Politics". Wu Wei Peng Lu. Beijing: Commercial Printing Library.
Aristotle (1999) "Athenian Political System". The knowledge of the day and the power of the world are translated. Beijing: Commercial Printing Library.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1986) Discussing the Origin and Foundation of Human Inequality. Li Changshan translated. Taipei: Tangshan Publishing House.
Lusso (1997) "Science and Art". He Zhaowu translated. Beijing: Commercial Printing Library.
Lusso (1997) Social Contract Discussion. He Zhaowu translated. Beijing: Commercial Printing Library.
Luso (1999) "Love and Education". Li Pinghan translated. Beijing: Commercial Printing Library.
Luso (2015) "The Origin of Fallen and Inequality of Morality". Yuan Shu Zheng. Taipei: Published in the Internet.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 平時成績平時成績 Regular achievements |
50 | 出缺席及上課表現、小作業或課堂討論、小組討論。 |
| 期中考期中考 Midterm exam |
20 | 期中筆試。 |
| 期末考期末考 Final exam |
30 | 期末筆試。 |
