7057 - 街區組織與都市再生
教育目標 Course Target
進入二十一世紀的台灣,各地興起了老屋再生、空間改造的現象,從台南的古都保存再生文教基金會2008年開始舉辦的「老屋欣力」徵選活動,藉由大眾媒體的宣傳,推廣老屋活化的經驗,到2010年台北都更處推動的「都市再生前進基地(URS-Urban Regeneration Station)」,運用容積移轉的方式,由公部門將老房子加以修復後,再委託給民間單位來經營,或是類似台北市文化局發起的「老房子文化運動」,由市政府取得公有閒置建築物的使用權後,再對外招募民間企業修復經營。這些現象,都說明了經過二十世紀經濟高度成長期,進入二十一世紀的台灣,在面對高齡少子化的趨勢之下,都市發展與社會資源積累的運用上,開始有了一種新的轉變。
這個現象的背後,代表了台灣戰後經濟發展與城市建設集中於首都台北的一極化,以及各地區都市發展的都市擴張現象所帶來的區域發展嚴重失衡。大都市與小城鄉之間的經濟條件落差日益加劇,使得部分地區出現人口減少、經濟活動死氣沉沉的空洞化現象。這樣的發展長此以往,將形成一種惡性循環,使得這些城鄉人口無法支撐當地的消費經濟,造成小型店鋪倒閉或永久歇業,城鄉經濟最後走向死亡。於是,如何透過產業政策推動多元性的城鄉建設,扶植城鄉產業發展,提供穩定就業機會,吸引人口從大都市回流城鄉,消弭區域發展的落差,成了當前政府推動所謂的「地方創生」政策的重要議題。
雖然「地方創生」成為當前政府的重要政策,然而當政策要落實於「地方」時,要透過怎樣的組織來實現?現有的行政組織要如何來執行?而當我們進一步思考「地方創生」中的「地方」指的是什麼的時候,當世界各地的「地方創生」開始強調導入民間資源,而公私合營的城市治理也漸漸成為世界趨勢時,「地方」要如何去回應?或是進行再組織?
從一條街開始,或許是最小的「地方」尺度,但卻是人人可以投入的公共場域。目前在台灣各地鄉鎮,正在進行的許多街區再生行動,反映了新型態的街區關係與組織,過程中更有許許多多在地與返鄉青年、民間企業與社區組織、大學機構與政府單位的摸索與嘗試。
本課程之目標在於透過世界各國街區組織的都市再生案例,掌握目前世界各地正在進行的地方創生現況,同時也以台灣各地關心街區發展的組織與單位為案例,分析討論各地街區組織的創新行動與空間再造、地方產業的關聯性,同時瞭解各街區組織從企劃思考到實踐行動的過程,以及如何參與地方公共事務與資源整合的種種經驗。進而讓學生們瞭解街區組織與都市再生的關係與重要性。
Entering the 21st century in Taiwan, the phenomenon of old house regeneration and space transformation has emerged in various places. From the "Old House Xinli" selection activity organized by the Tainan Ancient Capital Preservation and Regeneration Cultural and Educational Foundation in 2008, through mass media publicity, the experience of old house revitalization was promoted, to the "Urban Regeneration Advancement Base (URS-Urban Regeneration)" promoted by Taipei in 2010. Station", using the method of volume transfer, the public sector restores old houses and then entrusts private companies to operate them, or similar to the "Old House Cultural Movement" initiated by the Taipei City Cultural Affairs Bureau, the city government obtains the use rights of public-owned idle buildings, and then recruits private enterprises to repair and operate them. These phenomena all illustrate that after entering the 21st century after a period of high economic growth in the 20th century, Taiwan has begun to undergo a new transformation in the use of urban development and social resource accumulation in the face of the trend of aging and low birthrates.
Behind this phenomenon, it represents the polarization of Taiwan’s post-war economic development and urban construction in the capital Taipei, as well as the serious imbalance in regional development caused by the urban expansion phenomenon of urban development in various regions. The gap in economic conditions between metropolitan areas and small urban and rural areas is increasing day by day, causing some areas to experience hollowing out with declining population and stagnant economic activities. If this development continues, it will form a vicious cycle, making these urban and rural populations unable to support the local consumer economy, causing small shops to close down or go out of business permanently, and the urban and rural economies will eventually die. Therefore, how to promote diversified urban and rural construction through industrial policies, support the development of urban and rural industries, provide stable employment opportunities, attract people to return to urban and rural areas from metropolitan areas, and eliminate the gap in regional development has become an important issue for the current government to promote the so-called "local regeneration" policy.
Although "local creation" has become an important policy of the current government, when the policy is to be implemented in "local places", what kind of organization should be used to achieve it? How will the existing administrative organization be implemented? And when we further think about what "place" in "place creation" refers to, when "place creation" around the world begins to emphasize the introduction of private resources, and public-private partnership urban governance has gradually become a global trend, how should "place" respond? Or reorganize?
Starting from a street, it may be the smallest "local" scale, but it is a public field that everyone can participate in. Currently, many neighborhood regeneration actions are being carried out in towns and villages across Taiwan, reflecting new types of neighborhood relationships and organizations. In the process, there are many explorations and attempts by local and returned youth, private enterprises and community organizations, university institutions and government units.
The goal of this course is to understand the current status of place creation in various parts of the world through urban regeneration cases of neighborhood organizations around the world. It also uses organizations and units that care about neighborhood development in Taiwan as examples to analyze and discuss the innovative actions of neighborhood organizations in various places, spatial redevelopment, and the correlation between local industries. It also understands the process of each neighborhood organization from planning thinking to practical action, as well as various experiences in how to participate in local public affairs and resource integration. Then let students understand the relationship and importance of neighborhood organization and urban regeneration.
參考書目 Reference Books
1.都市再生的20個故事/林盛豐/主編, 林崇傑/總策劃/台灣建築報導雜誌社
2.社區設計/作者:山崎亮Yamazaki Ryo/譯者:莊雅琇/臉譜出版社
3.後都市的共生 × 共創:中山創意基地URS21/財團法人忠泰建築文化藝術基金會/田園城市出版社
4.地方創生:小型城鎮、商店街、返鄉青年的創業10鐵則/作者:木下齊/譯者:張佩瑩/不二家出版社
5.地方創生戰鬥論:地區營造從活動到事業,必備的思考、實踐、技巧!/作者:木下齊/譯者:林書嫻/不二家出版社
6.地方創生:觀光、特產、地方品牌的28則生存智慧/作者:木下齊/譯者:張佩瑩/不二家出版社
7.都市重建之道/作者:盧偉民/譯者:林錚顗/天下文化出版社
8.偉大城市的誕生與衰亡:美國都市街道生活的啟發/作者:珍.雅各(Jane Jacobs)/譯者:吳鄭重/聯經出版公司
9.老屋顏:走訪全台老房子,從老屋歷史、建築裝飾與時代故事,尋訪台灣人的生活足跡/辛永勝, 楊朝景等/馬可孛羅出版社
10.日本都市再生密碼2.0/何芳子/旭采文化出版社
11.反造城市:台灣非典型都市規劃術/侯志仁/主編/左岸文化出版社
12.城市造反:全球非典型都市規劃術/侯志仁/主編/譯者:吳比娜等/左岸文化出版社
11.19世紀與20世紀的城市規劃/(德)賴因博恩/虞龍發譯/中國建築工業出版社
1. 20 Stories of Urban Regeneration/Lin Shengfeng/Editor-in-Chief, Lin Chongjie/Chief Planner/Taiwan Architectural Report Magazine
2. Community Design/Author: Yamazaki Ryo/Translator: Zhuang Yaxiu/Facebook Publishing House
3. Post-urban symbiosis × co-creation: Zhongshan Creative Base URS21/Zhongtai Architectural Culture and Art Foundation/Pastoral City Press
4. Local Creation: 10 Rules for Entrepreneurship in Small Towns, Shopping Streets, and Returned Youth/Author: Sai Kinoshita/Translator: Zhang Peiying/Fujia Publishing House
5. Battle Theory for Local Creation: Necessary thinking, practice, and skills for regional creation from activities to businesses! / Author: Sai Kinoshita / Translator: Lin Shuxian / Fujiya Publishing House
6. Local Creation: 28 pieces of survival wisdom on tourism, specialties, and local brands/Author: Sai Kinoshita/Translator: Zhang Peiying/Fujia Publishing House
7. The Way of Urban Reconstruction/Author: Lu Weimin/Translator: Lin Zhengyi/Tianxia Culture Publishing House
8. The Birth and Decline of Great Cities: Inspiration from American Urban Street Life / Author: Jane. Jane Jacobs/Translator: Wu Zhengzhong/Lianjing Publishing Company
9. The Beauty of Old Houses: Visiting old houses across Taiwan, tracing the life footprints of Taiwanese people from the history of old houses, architectural decorations and stories of the times/Xin Yongsheng, Yang Chaojing, etc./Marco Polo Publishing House
10. Japan’s Urban Regeneration Code 2.0/He Fangzi/Xucai Culture Publishing House
11. Counter-City: Taiwan’s Atypical Urban Planning Techniques/Hou Zhiren/Editor-in-Chief/Left Bank Culture Publishing House
12. Urban Rebellion: Global Atypical Urban Planning/Hou Zhiren/Editor/Translator: Wu Bina and others/Left Bank Culture Publishing House
11. Urban planning in the 19th and 20th centuries/(Germany) Reinborn/Translated by Yu Longfa/China Construction Industry Press
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課程資訊 Course Information
基本資料 Basic Information
- 課程代碼 Course Code: 7057
- 學分 Credit: 0-2
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上課時間 Course Time:Wednesday/6,7[A107]
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授課教師 Teacher:蘇睿弼
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修課班級 Class:建築系3-5,碩1,2
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選課備註 Memo:通識中心3407課程雙掛
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