台灣從1960年代開始，從農業轉型至工業、製造業的發展長河裡，勞動力對於經濟發展的貢獻毋庸置疑，然而締造經濟奇蹟的不可或缺的推手，究竟是政策、領導者？或是付出勞動果實的低階勞動者？他/她們的勞動血淚史，被刻意隱没在發展歷史的灰燼中。然而深入檢視在數十年的經濟轉型過程中，大量勞動力參與的特質可知，因應市場不穩定與資本快速發展的產業需求，雇主需要招募容易、好用又好丟棄的勞動力，因此女性勞動力，尤指已婚婦女勞動力，成為產業預備軍的首選，因為她們的彈性特質非常好用，這個勞動力的僱傭策略對於低階婦女的影響更為深遠，因為階級地位區隔開了勞動力的產業屬性、性別屬性，從農業社會的家戶生產組織開始，低階家戶的女性的勞動力因家戶經濟的壓力，從家庭釋出到勞動市場，補充了工業化社會的勞動力需求，低階女性的勞動力屬性也從無酬家屬人力成為了受雇工作者或自雇者。
至今已歷經了五十多年的社會變遷，低階女性的勞動生涯，大致符應家戶動力與家戶經濟的需求，有以下軌跡：未婚女性到加工出口區做女工；已婚婦女承接家庭手工代工的外包點；孩子大了，家務責任減輕後，婦女受雇成為服務業人員，專業白領階級；甚或是成為獨當一面、自營作業的「老板娘」，另外也有人選擇部份工時的非正式勞動型態。無論是哪一種勞動軌跡，低階女性的階級地位都難以提升。
伊慶春、章英華(2008)對於已婚女性勞動力如何運用，與家戶經濟需求之間的因果關係指出：｢女性轉入非正式部門顯示了家庭制度與勞動市場的妥協｣。意即在父權體制底下，表面上雖仍維繫傳統的男主外、女主內的性別分工模式，但隨時代變遷，實質上正面臨了女性勞動力如何多元、彈性運用的新的勞動市場需求，然而已婚女性的就業選擇非常有限，偏向女性化工作的類屬，端繫於家庭責任能否兼顧，為了能就近照顧幼兒，擔負起母職的角色，已婚女性會選擇能夠保有自己的工作空間與較具彈性的時間的工作性質。其中又以自營作業者最適宜，一面在店面做生意，一面兼顧家庭責任的｢自雇老板娘｣，成為因應家庭與工作之兩難困境的生存策略。
根據研究結果指出：大部份自雇女性都有非薪資雇員的父親或丈夫，而社會網絡更是女性成為自雇者過程中所扮演的關鍵角色。因為社會資本可以降低自雇的風險，故自雇女性所擁有的社會資本必須更加多元與異質，尤指弱連結的中介效用。
在資本主義全球化的脈絡下，「女性」以「勞動」謀生的方式，又藉由「移動」產生了跨越地理界線的勞動分工鍊結的階層化體制，如Hochschild(2002)在《Global Woman》一書中提出｢性別革命｣一詞，主要是針對女性移民全球化的現象所提出的經驗性詮釋，她特別觀察到在富裕與貧窮的國家中，較少家庭可以只依賴男性為養家糊口者，已有越來越多的女性成為唯一的、主要的，或共同對等的賺錢者，美國有一半以上的家庭就是如此。所以我們在台灣社會中，也看到越來越多的家務移工進入私人家戶中成為照顧高齡者與幼兒的孝道外包者，這就是全球保母鏈的意涵。此現象也精確點出資本全球化下的經濟、社會結構之發展與變遷，如何左右個人的生存機會。
為了更深入理解性別、階級與僱傭策略之間的交互關係，本學期課程將選擇東海學區周邊的自雇者等做為田野訪談對象，進行「性別、階級與僱傭策略」的質性研究。小吃店的老板娘、老板或是其他各行各業，希冀透過第一手的實地觀察與面對面的深度訪談，引領大學生進入台灣在地勞動現場，看看自雇者如何規劃時間，如何運用其勞動力，以及如何連結家庭責任與家戶經濟兩者，在非正式勞動市場中，檢視階級與勞動力運用策略的社會學意義。

Since the 1960s, Taiwan has been transforming from agriculture to industry and manufacturing. There is no doubt that the labor force has contributed to economic development. However, what are the policies and leaders that are the indispensable driving force behind the creation of the economic miracle? Or low-level workers who pay the fruits of their labor? Their history of labor, blood and tears is deliberately hidden in the ashes of development history. However, an in-depth examination of the characteristics of large-scale labor force participation in the decades of economic transformation shows that in response to market instability and industrial demand for rapid capital development, employers need to recruit labor that is easy, easy to use and easy to discard. Therefore, female labor force, especially married women labor force, has become the first choice for the industrial reserve army because their flexible characteristics are very easy to use. This labor recruitment strategy is for The impact of lower-class women is even more profound, because class status separates the industrial and gender attributes of the labor force. Starting from the household production organization in agricultural society, the labor force of women in lower-class households was released from the family to the labor market due to the pressure of the household economy, supplementing the labor demand in industrialized society. The labor force attribute of low-class women also changed from unpaid family members to employed workers or self-employed people.
More than 50 years have passed since social changes. The working life of lower-class women is generally in line with the needs of household power and household economy. It has the following trajectory: unmarried women work as female workers in export processing zones; married women take over the outsourcing of household manual labor; as children grow up and housework responsibilities are reduced, women are employed as service industry personnel and professional white-collar workers; or even become "boss wives" who are responsible for their own business, and some people choose to work informally part-time. Regardless of the labor trajectory, it is difficult for lower-class women to improve their class status.
Yi Qingchun and Zhang Yinghua (2008) pointed out the causal relationship between how married women use their labor force and household economic needs: "Women's transfer into the informal sector shows a compromise between the family system and the labor market." This means that under the patriarchal system, although the traditional gender division of labor model of men working outside and women working inside is still maintained on the surface, with the changes of the times, they are actually facing new labor market demands for how to use female labor diversified and flexibly. However, the employment of married women Career options are very limited and tend to be more feminine-oriented, depending on whether family responsibilities can be balanced. In order to be able to take care of children nearby and take on the role of motherhood, married women will choose a job that allows them to maintain their own work space and more flexible time. Among them, self-employed workers are the most suitable. The "self-employed boss lady" who runs business in a store while taking care of family responsibilities has become a survival strategy to deal with the dilemma between family and work.
According to the research results, most self-employed women have fathers or husbands who are not salaried employees, and social networks play a key role in the process of women becoming self-employed. Because social capital can reduce the risk of self-employment, the social capital owned by self-employed women must be more diverse and heterogeneous, especially the intermediary effect of weak ties.
In the context of capitalist globalization, "women" make a living through "labor" and through "movement", a hierarchical system of labor division links across geographical boundaries is created. For example, Hochschild (2002) in "Global" The term "gender revolution" was proposed in the book "Woman", mainly as an empirical explanation for the phenomenon of female immigration globalization. She particularly observed that in rich and poor countries, fewer families can rely only on men as breadwinners, and more and more women have become the sole, main, or joint earner. This is the case for more than half of the families in the United States. Therefore, in Taiwanese society, we have also seen more and more migrant domestic workers enter private households and become filial outsourcers to take care of the elderly and young children. This is the meaning of the global nanny chain. This phenomenon also accurately points out how the development and changes of economic and social structures under the globalization of capital affect individuals' survival opportunities.
In order to gain a deeper understanding of the interactive relationship between gender, class and employment strategies, this semester's course will select self-employed people around the Donghai School District as field interview subjects to conduct qualitative research on "gender, class and employment strategies." The proprietresses and bosses of snack bars or other people from all walks of life hope to lead college students into the local labor scene in Taiwan through first-hand field observations and face-to-face in-depth interviews to see how self-employed people plan their time, how to use their labor force, and how to connect family responsibilities and household economy. In the informal labor market, they will examine the sociological significance of class and labor utilization strategies.

參考各週進度

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