「都市」可以說是現代文明的最大產物，現代文明由近代工業革命和資本主義的引爆而誕生，透過自由、平等的思想，向世界各地快速地展開，從19世紀開始到20世紀，全世界進入到空前的都市化時代，在工業革命之前10%～20%的都市人口，在工業革命後不斷的增加，估計二十一世紀中全世界將達到80%的都市人口比率，隨著都市人口的增加，舊有的都市形態在更新與汰換，而新的都市形態也將會出現，當都市人口增加的同時，高齡少子化的趨勢也在二十一世紀中浮現，面對這些不同的變化，建築與都市的關係將隨之轉變。
都市是由無數的建築物所構成，建築在都市的時間與空間向度中被定義，同時也積累形塑出都市空間的品質；設計精美的建築物不一定會構成舒適宜人的都市，而舒適宜人的都市又應該具備怎樣的生活品質？民主時代的都市計畫（設計）在創造出社會大眾（公共）的利益時，建築設計卻是在追求業主（私人）的最大利益與建築師的自由表現，特別是在當前台灣的都市環境中，建築與都市－這兩者應該要有怎樣的關係，這是建築專業者必須思考的，我們不能再局限於建築領域的探討，如何重新來思考建築與都市的關係，這是本課程的主要方向。本學期的設計題目如下：
題目：時間都市－(minus One & plus One)∞
都市是一個成長的個體，但成長並不一定是指由小變大、由少變多的過程。人們眼前所體會、經驗的都市空間，是由無數次的建築行為而形成，在時間的軸線上，建築記錄了都市的成長，建築可以做為一分鐘的都市，同時也可以做為千年的都市，一分都市、一日都市、一年都市、十年都市、百年都市、千年都市，透過時間都市的閱讀，我們將試圖找到從過去到現在的痕跡，並延伸出未來的都市樣貌。 台中是一個已經有一百多年歷史的計畫都市。1895年在英國技師巴爾頓（W.K Barton）與濱野彌四郎的「台中市街區劃設計報告書」中，將台中市規劃為「棋盤狀」的計畫都市，而1900年1月6日正式公告了「台中市區改正」計畫，開啟了台中都市形態發展的基礎；1911年公布的「台中市區擴張計畫」中，規劃了約528公頃的區域，預計容納約５萬人口，人口密度約為100人／公頃，屬於２０世紀初期有著田園城鎮風貌的計畫都市，公園、學校、銀行、醫院、車站、工場、自來水廠等，這些西歐產業革命後的近代都市設施，紛紛開始出現在街頭，市區內縱橫著綠蔭大道和河川，當時的台中，可以說是亞洲第一個計畫都市。
當年的計畫都市範圍，也就是目前台中的舊市區，早年的舊市區因鐵路交通的便捷，促成商業活動的聚集而蓬勃發展，形成台中市最早的中心商業區，同時也是人們工作、居住與生活消費的區域。然而隨著人口的增加，汽車交通工具的普及，台中的周邊開始出現許多重劃區，人口郊區化現象慢慢形成，促使了舊市區漸漸的沒落。就以舊市區的中區為例，1980年代中，人口曾達到約５萬人，人口密度約為500人／公頃，屬於高密度的居住狀態，然而，隨著七十年代起陸續擴大的重劃區、七期的新市政中心、水湳經貿園區等等，持續的都市擴張，造成了舊市區的衰敗。現代都市不斷擴張的前提，在於人口與經濟不斷地成長，然而當整個台灣的人口成長率逐漸呈現負成長，而台中的空屋率也高達26%的狀況之下，我們已經到了應該重新思考戰後台中都市發展模式的成長神話，重新來面對舊市區的課題。
基於以上的思考，本課程將以台中市舊市區為本學期設計操作的範圍，藉由國外都市再生案例的分析比較，然後透過還原台中都市發展時間序列的空間演變過程，來重新觀察、閱讀台中舊市區。然後，藉由重新定義舊市區生活形態的討論，以部分改造的接力操作方式(minus One & plus One)，來進行舊市區的再生，經過多次提案操作之後，希望同學們擬定出新的空間準則，然後根據新的空間準則，來進行舊市區住宅群體再生的設計模擬，以提出新型態的都市發展模式。"Urban" can be said to be the largest product of modern civilization. Modern civilization was born from the detonation of modern industrial revolution and capitalism. Through the idea of freedom and equality, it has rapidly developed to all parts of the world. From the 19th century to the 20th century, the whole world has entered an unprecedented era of urbanization. Before the industrial revolution, 10% to 20% of the urban population did not come after the industrial revolution. The increase in the world is estimated to reach 80% of the urban population in the 21st century. With the increase in urban population, some urban situations are being renewed and eliminated, and new urban situations will also appear. As the urban population increases, the trend of high and low birth rate has also emerged in the 21st century. Faced with these different changes, the relationship between buildings and cities will change.
City is composed of countless buildings. The buildings are defined in the time and spatial dimensions of the city, and at the same time they also shape the quality of urban space. Exquisitely designed buildings may not necessarily form a comfortable city, but what kind of quality of life should a comfortable city be equipped with? When urban planning (design) in the democratic era creates the interests of the general public (public) of society, architecture design is to pursue the best interests of the owner (private) and the free expression of the architect, especially in the urban environment of Taiwan, where buildings and cities should have a relationship. This is what architecture professionals must think about. We can no longer be limited to the exploration of the construction field. How to rethink the relationship between buildings and cities. This is the main direction of this course. The design topics of this study are as follows:
Topic: Time City-(minus One & plus One)∞
The city is a growth body, but growth does not necessarily refer to the process of growing from small to large and from small to large. The urban space that people know and experience in front of us is formed by countless architectural behaviors. On the axis of time, the building records the growth of the city. The building can be a city for one minute, and at the same time it can also be a city for a thousand years, a city for a few cities, a day city, a year city, a decade city, a century city, and a thousand years city. Through the reading of the city in time, we will try to find traces from the past to the present, and extend the future urban appearance. Taichung is a planning city with a history of more than a hundred years. In 1895, he was a British technician, Barton (W.K In the "Taichung City Street Planning Design Report" by Barton and Shiro Shiro, Taichung City is planned as a "chess and board" city, and on January 6, 1900, the "Taichung City District Correction" plan was officially announced, opening the foundation for Taichung urban development; in the "Taichung City District Extension Plan" announced in 1911, an area of about 528 hull was planned and the area was planned. With a population of 50,000, the population density is about 100 people per tumbled. It belongs to the graphic city with the style of the garden town in the early 20th century. It is a painting city with the style of the garden town, including parks, schools, banks, hospitals, stations, workshops, and water factories. These modern urban facilities after the Western European Revolution began to appear on the streets, and the city was surrounded by green avenues and rivers. At that time, Taichung could be said to be the first painting city in Asia.
The scope of the planned urban area that year, that is, the old city area in Taichung, in the early years, the old city area flourished due to the convenience of railway transportation, which promoted the gathering of business activities, formed the earliest central business district in Taichung City, and was also a region where people work, live and spend money on their lives. However, with the increase in population and the popularity of automobile transportation, many major planning areas began to appear around Taichung, and the phenomenon of suburban population gradually formed, which led to the decline of the old city. Take the central area of the old city as an example. In the mid-1980s, the population reached about 50,000 people, with a population density of about 500 people per kilogram, which belongs to a high-density living state. However, with the continuous urban expansion of the plan that has continued to expand since the 1970s, the new municipal center of the seventh phase, the water trade park area, etc., the continuous urban expansion has caused the decline of the old city. The premise of modern cities expanding continuously is that population and economy continue to grow. However, as the population growth rate of the entire Taiwan gradually grows negatively, and Taichung's vacancy rate is also higher than 26%, we have reached the point where we should rethink the growth myth of Taichung's urban development model in the future and face the topic of the old city again.
Based on the above thoughts, this course will take the old city of Taichung as the scope of design operations during this period, and compare the analysis and comparison of foreign urban regeneration cases, and then re-observe and read Taichung old city by replacing the spatial evolution process of the Taichung urban development time sequence. Then, by redefining the living conditions of the old city, the regeneration of the old city is carried out through a partially renovated relay operation method (minus One & plus One). After many proposal operations, we hope that the classmates will determine a new space standard, and then based on the new space standard, we will conduct a design simulation of the regeneration of the residential group in the old city to propose a new urban development model.
１．中區再生基地團隊（DRF）臉書 http://www.facebook.com/GoodotVillage
大墩社＿中區復興計畫臉書http://www.facebook.com/groups/163229553785809/
２．台中文獻：台中歷史建築發展回顧（1945年以前）專輯／林良哲、袁興言／台中市文化局出版, 2003
３．2009台中學研討會: 美術文化篇論文集／洪慶峰／台中市文化局出版, 2009
４．認識台中／王清乾／王清乾, 2007
５．HERETIC網站 http://www.wretch.cc/blog/hexentw
６．Urban Utopias http://davidszondy.com/future/city/urbanutopias.htm
Future City http://davidszondy.com/future/city/futurecity.htm
７．Housing Prototypes org. http://housingprototypes.org/
８．List of urban planners http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_urban_planners
1. Central District Regeneration Base Team (DRF) Face Book http://www.facebook.com/GoodotVillage
Dadunshe＿Central District Rejuvenation Planning Face Book http://www.facebook.com/groups/163229553785809/
2. Taichung: Taichung Historical Architecture Development Review (before 1945) Editorial / Lin Liangzhe, Yuan Xingyan / Published by Taichung Municipal Bureau of Culture, 2003
3. 2009 Taichung Scholarship: Collection of Arts and Cultures/Hong Qingfeng/Published by Taichung Municipal Bureau of Culture, 2009
4. Knowing Taichung/Wang Qingqian/Wang Qingqian, 2007
5. HERETIC website http://www.wretch.cc/blog/hexentw
6. Urban Utopias http://davidszondy.com/future/city/urbanutopias.htm
Future City http://davidszondy.com/future/city/futurecity.htm
7. Housing Prototypes org. http://housingprototypes.org/
8. List of urban plans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_urban_planners
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 平時成績平時成績 Regular achievements |
10 | 出席率、平時作業、課堂討論 |
| 期中評圖期中評圖 Midterm reviews |
40 | 期中評圖發表 |
| 期末評圖期末評圖 Final reviews |
50 | 期末評圖發表 |
