濟慈（John Keats，1795－1821）《夜鶯頌》一詩中對生死神秘遞換的抒情，迄今仍然被不朽地傳唱：
我在黑暗裡傾聽；啊，多少次
我幾乎愛上了寧謐的死亡，我在詩思裡用盡了好的言辭，
求他把我的一息散入空茫；
而現在，哦，死更是多麼富麗……
波德萊爾在《腐屍》一詩中如是描寫死亡如下：
燦爛的陽光照耀在這團腐肉上，
仿佛要將其烤熟，
又如——向大自然百倍地歸還
合成一體的萬物。
蒼天俯瞰——這堆華美的屍骨，
儼如一朵鮮花怒放，
惡臭如此強烈，令人不堪忍受，
你幾近昏厥於草地。
至於哲學家，卡繆（Albert Camus，1913－1960）在《置身於苦難與陽光之間》中也如是說：「死亡是我們無法擺脫的，每個人都有自己的死。歸根結底，太陽還是溫暖著我們的身骨。」
死亡向來是文學、哲學和藝術重要的永恆主題，但卻在社會學中未能發展成較有系統的研究領域。本課程的目的，企圖從社會學的理論視野大大方方直面探討死亡與臨終，包括三個主要面向：死亡的社會特質及民眾態度、社會如何看待死亡；臨終的社會結構及個體化經驗（諸如臨終的醫療制度化、何謂「善終」、猝死的社會組織化、臨終與死亡的身體）；死後儀式、追憶悼念與倖存。
本課程的授課目的，在於讓同學們從死亡的本質、死亡的歷程，以及面對和接受死亡的必然性來喚起對死亡的自覺，更進而掌握對生死的自覺，使個體在面對死亡時能有自主性，終而能超越面臨生死的困境，並探索生死的終極問題，展現完美的生死尊嚴。
• 本課程探討之核心議題
・終極叩問：凝視死亡與生存美學
・孔子：未知生焉知死vs. 未知死焉知生
・預知死亡紀事：生命最後的規畫、從疾病入侵到絕症、重病者的心理變化
・死亡失落於哀傷：悼亡書寫
・死亡的尊嚴與生命的尊嚴
・生前預立遺囑書寫的心靈成長歷程
・死亡教義問答：與死亡協商
・那些死亡教會我的事
・死亡文學與美學
・死亡如此靠近，迎接死亡，身心如何安頓
・超越死亡，活出意義來
・存在之思：諦觀生命實相
・禪宗公案：活在當下，生死無懼
・生寄死歸於「此在」的「能在」：瀕臨死亡讓我們整個「存在」改變我們的「能在」
・如何面對親人、朋友的死亡：認識各種形式的思絡
・作業：《生預遺囑》、跟三個你最想感謝的人珍重道別
Out,out,
The brief candle
Life's but a walking shadow
——莎士比亞《馬克白》
那美好的仗，我已經打過了，當跑的路，我已經跑盡了，所信的道，我已經守住了。
——《聖經》提摩太後書
I die!I faint!I fail!
——雪萊《哀歌》
生命是從死亡那端開始的。
——沙特（Jean-Paul Sartre）
使生如夏花之絢爛，死如秋葉之靜美。
——泰戈爾
沒有生活之絕望，就不會有對生活的愛。
——卡繆（Albert Camus）
小教堂的鐘
安詳地響起
穿白衣歸家的牧師
安詳地擦著汗
我們默默地聽著，看著
安詳地等著……
終有一次鐘聲裡
總有一個月份
也把我們靜靜接了去……
——鄭愁予《鐘聲》
「由於我曾在古米(Cumae)目睹西比爾吊死於籠中。而當眾男孩問她：西比爾，你要的究竟為何呢？時，她回答：『我欲求一死。』」
“For once I myself saw with my own eyes the Sibyl at Cumae hanging in a cage, and when the boys said to her ‘Sibyl, what do you want?' she replied, ‘I want to die.'”
——艾略特（T.S.Eliot）《荒原》
死者倘不埋在活人的心中,那就真的死掉了.
——魯迅《華蓋集續編·空談》
我感到興趣的是:為所愛而生,為所愛而死。
——卡繆（Albert Camus）《鼠疫》
我們愛母親、愛父親、愛身邊的人、愛溫柔的事物、愛美麗的事物、愛故鄉、愛別人，然後……愛那讓自己倍感棘手的人，一如全盤接受這樣的人生，我們也要愛死亡。
讓死亡成為人生最極致的幸福。
——赫塞（Hermann Hesse）《荒原狼》
飛快地，一條小魚兒潛入小溪；
輕輕觸及死去朋友的手
愛著他，將額頭和衣服撫平。
一絲燈光把小屋中的幽靈喚醒。
——特拉克爾（Georg Trakl）《沉鬱》
人死了，就像水消失在水中。
——博爾赫斯（Jorge Luis Borges）《另一次死亡》The lyrics of the mysterious transformation of life and death in the poem "John Keats" (1795-1821) are still immortally sung:
I heard it in the darkness; ah, how many times
I almost fell in love with Ning Wan's death, and I used all the best words in my thoughts.
Please let him scatter my breath into the vastness;
And now, oh, how rich is death...
Podrell described death in the poem "Corrot" as follows:
The sun shines on this group of carrion,
It seems like it is going to be roasted,
Another example - to learn a hundred times more to nature
Synthesize all kinds of things.
Looking down from the sky - this pile of beautiful bones,
Like a flower in full bloom,
The odor is so strong that it is unbearable.
You were fainting in the grass.
As for the philosopher, Albert Camus (1913-1960) also said in "Being in the Between Suffering and the Light": "Death is something we cannot destroy, and everyone has their own death. At the bottom of the roots, the sun still warms our bodies and bones."
Death has always been an important and eternal theme in literature, philosophy and art, but it has not been developed into a more systematic research field in society. The purpose of this course is to explore death and ending from the theoretical perspective of society, including three main aspects: the social characteristics of death and the people's attitudes, how society views death; the social structure and personalized experience of end (such as the institutionalization of end medicine, what is "good end", the social organization of sudden death, the body of end and death); the aftermath of death, the pursuit of memorial and existence.
The purpose of this course is to allow students to savor their self-consciousness of death from the nature of death, the course of death, and the inevitability of facing and accepting death, and to further grasp their self-consciousness of life and death, so that individuals can have autonomy when facing death, eventually transcend the dilemma of life and death, and explore the ultimate problems of life and death, and show the perfect dignity of life and death.
• Core topics of this course discussion
・Ultimately asked: Contemplating death and survival aesthetics
・Confucius: How can you know death if you don’t know life vs. How can you know life if you don’t know death if you don’t know life
・Acknowledge the death incident: the final rules of life, the psychological changes from disease invasion to absolute disease, and the serious illness
・Death is lost in sorrow: the book of mourning
・The dignity of death and the dignity of life
・After the spiritual growth process of writing in a book during his lifetime
・Death religion question: negotiate with death
・Those death churches about me
・Death literature and aesthetics
・Death is so close to us, how can we keep our body and mind safe
・Beyond death and live out meaning
・Thinking of existence: to view the reality of life
・The case of the Lord of the Lord: Living in the present, life and death are inseparable
・The "can be" that lives and lives in the "here" of "here": death makes our entire "existence" change our "can be"
・How to face the death of friends and friends: Understand various forms of thought
・Accounting: "Birth Prediction", take good care of the three people you want to thank the most
Out,out,
The brief candle
Life's but a walking shadow
——Shakespeare's "Markbeth"
I have fought that beautiful battle, and I have run through the way I run, and I have held the word I believe in.
——The Book of the Holy Book
I die!I fail!I fail!I fail!
——Shelley's "Elegy"
Life begins from the end of death.
——Jean-Paul Sartre
Make life like the trunk of summer flowers and die like the trunk of autumn leaves.
——Tagor
Without the hope of life, there will be no love for life.
——Albert Camus
The church's bell
Start to make a detailed break
Pastor in white
Wipe your sweat safely
We listened silently and watched
Wait for peace...
There was a clock sound
There will always be one month
We also took us quietly...
——Zheng Chouyu "The Sound"
"Because I had witnessed Sipil hanged in the stool in Cumae. And when the boy asked her, Sipil, what exactly do you want? She replied, "I want to die."
“For once I myself saw with my own eyes the Sibyl at Cumae hanging in a cage, and when the boys said to her ‘Sibyl, what do you want?' she replied, ‘I want to die.'”
——T.S.Eliot, "The Wasteland"
If the dead are not buried in the hearts of the living, they will really die.
——Lu Xun's "Continuous Editing of Hualien·Empty Talk"
What I am interested in is: live for what I love and die for what I love.
——Albert Camus "Plague"
We love our mother, our father, our people around us, gentle things, beautiful things, our hometown, our others, and then... love those who make us feel very difficult. Just like accepting this kind of life in full, we also love death.
Let death become the most desirable happiness in life.
——Hermann Hesse "Stepwolf"
Flying fast, a small fish penetrated into the stream;
Touching the hands of a dead friend lightly
Love him and smooth the size and clothes.
A ray of light awakens the ghost in the hut.
——Georg Trakl "Sinking"
When a person dies, it is like water disappearing into the water.
——Jorge Luis Borges "Another Death"
• 主要書目
Glennys Howarth, 2007, Death and dying: a Sociological Introduction. UK: Polity press.
• 參考書目
Ariès, P. ,1974 , Western Attitudes toward Death: from Middle Ages to the Present, the Johns Hopkins University Press.
Behavioral Scientist (ABS), Sage Pub., vol. 6 (May, 1963 special issue), pp: 61-65.
Clark, D. (ed.) ,1993, The Sociology of Death: Theory, Culture, Practice, oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Durkheim, Èmile , 1951, Suicide, New York: The Free Press, pp: 145-276.
Elias, N. ,1985/2002, Über die Einsamkeit der Sterbenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
Evans, G & Farberow, N. L. (eds.) ,1988, The Encyclopedia of Suicide, Facts On File
Feifel, H. (ed.).1977, New meanings of Death, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Feldman, K. ,1995, Leben und Tod im Werk von Talcott Parsons. In: Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W. ,1995, Der Tod ist ein Problem der Lebenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw. pp: 140-172.
Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W. ,1995, Der Tod ist ein Problem der Lebenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw.
Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W., 1995, Der Tod als Gegendstand der Soziologie. In: Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W.(Hg.) ,1995, Der Tod ist ein Problem der Lebenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw.
Franz Rosenzweig ,Translated by Barbara E. Galli,1921,The Star of Redemption.US: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Fuchs-Heinritz, W. et al. (Hg.) ,1994, Lexikon zur Soziologie, Westdeutscher Verlag.
Fulton, R. ,1965, Death and Identity, New York : Wiley.
Hahn, A. ,1995, Tod und Zivilisation bei Georg Simmel. In: Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W. ,1995, Der Tod ist ein Problem der Lebenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw., pp: 80-95.
Hahn, A. ,2000, Konstructionen des Selbst, der Welt und der Geschichte, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw.
Kastenbaum, R & Aisenberg, R. ,1972, The Psychology of Death, New York: Springer.
Korte, H. ,1992, Einfuehrung in die Geschichte der Soziologie, UTB.
Macke, A. (ed.) ,1972, Death in American Experience, New York:
Macke, A.
• Main books
Glennys Howarth, 2007, Death and dying: a Sociological Introduction. UK: Polity press.
• Reference books
Ariès, P. ,1974 , Western Attitudes towards Death: from Middle Ages to the Present, the Johns Hopkins University Press.
Behavioral Scientist (ABS), Sage Pub., vol. 6 (May, 1963 special issue), pp: 61-65.
Clark, D. (ed.) ,1993, The Sociology of Death: Theory, Culture, Practice, oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Durkheim, Èmile , 1951, Suicide, New York: The Free Press, pp: 145-276.
Elias, N. ,1985/2002, Über die Einsamkeit der Sterbenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.
Evans, G & Farberow, N. L. (eds.) ,1988, The Encyclopedia of Suicide, Facts On File
Feifel, H. (ed.).1977, New meanings of Death, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Feldman, K. ,1995, Leben und Tod im Werk von Talcott Parsons. In: Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W. ,1995, Der Tod ist ein Problem der Lebenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw. pp: 140-172.
Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W. ,1995, Der Tod ist ein Problem der Lebenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw.
Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W., 1995, Der Tod als Gegendstand der Soziologie. In: Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W.(Hg.) ,1995, Der Tod ist ein Problem der Lebenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw.
Franz Rosenzweig ,Translated by Barbara E. Galli,1921,The Star of Redemption.US: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Fuchs-Heinritz, W. et al. (Hg.) ,1994, Lexikon zur Soziologie, Westdeutscher Verlag.
Fulton, R. ,1965, Death and Identity, New York : Wiley.
Hahn, A. ,1995, Tod und Zivilisation bei Georg Simmel. In: Feldmann, K. & Fuchs-Heinritz, W. ,1995, Der Tod ist ein Problem der Lebenden, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw., pp: 80-95.
Hahn, A. ,2000, Konstructionen des Selbst, der Welt und der Geschichte, Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp stw.
Kastenbaum, R & Aisenberg, R. ,1972, The Psychology of Death, New York: Springer.
Korte, H. ,1992, Einfuehrung in die Geschichte der Soziologie, UTB.
Macke, A. (ed.) ,1972, Death in American Experience, New York:
Macke, A.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂討論課堂討論 Class discussion |
20 | |
| 指定讀本報告指定讀本報告 Specify to read this report |
20 | |
| Issue MemosIssue Memos Issue Memos |
30 | |
| 作業I＆作業Ⅱ作業I＆作業Ⅱ Operation I&A Industry II |
30 |
