RobertK.Greenleaf於1970 年代提出服務式領導，又譯為僕人式領導(Servant Leadership)的觀念，這個概念始於德國詩人作家赫曼．赫塞(Hermann Hesse)著作的「東方之旅」一書，書中闡述著一次世界大戰後，人們心中所渴望的世界，旅程的行李中存放的是愛、價值及融入團隊中的信念與力量，從個人的完美主義到獻給團體的崇高服務精神，這段生之追尋的心路歷程，激發了Greenleaf畢生推動以服務為精神的僕人式領導。
僕人式領導是以服務追隨者(followers)為首要；藉著開放性的溝通、內在價值的分享、自然地傳遞給追隨者，其理念來自於對個人的自覺，是一種對自己的深度認知。自覺不是一種天賦，是一種可學習的深度內省過程，是可逐漸養成的一種能力。對自己的優劣勢、人生價值與動機的覺察，必須經過極度自省的過程，也需擁有對他人反饋的能力。
自Greenleaf之後的30年間，許多學者開始研究「僕人式領導」，也建立出各種僕人式領導的行為模式，並歸納出僕人式領導的特質。Greenleaf更成立僕人式領導中心(Center for Servant Leadership)結合多位學者專家長期投入僕人式領導理論的研究，國內也有相關的研究成果。
僕人式領導的十個特質：聆聽、同理心、醫治、醒覺、說服、概念化、遠見、管家、委身於他人的成長、建立社群。Russell & Stone (2002)提出的僕人式領導的功能與伴隨特徵；Patterson(2003)提出僕人式領導是德行與價值觀的表現。這些特質、德性與價值觀的表現，皆是可以透過培養與孕育的，因此，本課程希望能培育青年學子：
(一)認識威權以及威信：威權是買賣，能夠買賣的東西，能夠得到也會失去；而威信是一種技能，是運用個人影響力，讓別人心甘情願地照著你的意願行事。成功領導者能讓自己產生威信，並以德服人。
(二)透析慾望與需要：從美國行為科學家馬斯洛需要層次理論來認識人性的需求，領導者應能滿足各層次的心理欲求，達到喚醒、說服追隨者看見自己內在的需求，並幫助其增強成長的動機與力量。
(三)了解愛的真義：愛是推己及人，找尋出別人的需求；同時，也為了滿足別人所需而努力。〈聖經：哥林多前書〉第十三章「愛的箴言」中，愛的「八大特質」包括：愛是忍耐、恩慈、謙卑、尊重、無私、寬恕、誠實、守信。領導者應該對此八大特質有深入的體悟與實踐。
(四)學習領導的要義：領導最重要的是激勵別人，讓他們把事情做好。領導可以影響人們願意，甚至是熱誠地奉獻自己的心力、創造力，以及其他可能影響到彼此之間共同目標的資源，領導就是要讓人們願意對團體的使命擁有責任感。
美國著名的管理學大師 Covey（2011）指出:「有能力決定自己的生活、在人際關係、家庭中當個領導人，也就是成為自己個人世界中的一股積極而有創意的力量。」因此，個人的性格其實就是個人每一個習慣的總和。想要成為一位以「僕人精神」為本質的領導人，必須具備極強的動機、有舉一反三的反思（reflection）能力，以及經常的練習，最重要的是有意願及動機想要改變自己、追求成長。凡事都要養成意會（Sense-Making）的習慣，只有將自己的學習經驗、知識及體會融入每天的生活中，潛移默化，才有可能成為一個能影響他人的成功領導人。
Robert K. Greenleaf proposed the concept of service leadership in the 1970s and translated it as a servant leadership concept. This concept began with the German poet Hermann. Hermann Hesse's book "The Journey to the East" is written by Hermann Hesse. It describes the world that people long for after a world war. The luggage of the journey contains love, value, beliefs and power that are integrated into the team. From the personal perfection theory to the lofty spirit of service to the group, this journey's pursuit of life inspired Greenleaf to promote the servant-style leadership of service as the spirit.
The servant-style leadership is based on service followers; through open communication, sharing of internal value, and natural transmission to followers, the concept comes from personal self-perception and is a deep understanding of oneself. Self-consciousness is not a talent, it is a learning-based process of introspection, and a ability that can be gradually cultivated. To observe one's own advantages and disadvantages, life values and movements, you must go through a process of extreme self-reflection, and you also need to have the ability to respond to others.
In the 30 years since Greenleaf, many students have begun to study "husband-style leadership" and have also established various behavioral patterns of servant-style leadership, and have learned the characteristics of servant-style leadership. Greenleaf has also established a Center for Servant Leadership, which combines many academic experts to invest in the research on Servant Leadership theories for a long time, and there are also relevant research results in China.
Ten characteristics of servant leadership: listening, empathy, medical treatment, awakening, speaking, conceptualization, distantness, housekeeping, commitment to the growth of others, and building a community. Russell & Stone (2002) proposed the function and accompanying characteristics of the servant-style leadership; Patterson (2003) proposed that the servant-style leadership is a manifestation of virtue and value. These characteristics, virtues and values can be cultivated and nurtured through cultivation. Therefore, this course hopes to cultivate young students:
(1) Know authority and prestige: authority is to buy and sell things, you can get and lose them; prestige is a skill that uses personal influence to make others willing to act according to your wishes. Successful leaders can make themselves proud and convince others with virtue.
(II) Dialysis desires and needs: From the American behavior scientist Maslow needs to understand the needs of human nature, and the leader should be able to meet the psychological desires of all levels, achieve the motivation and strength to wake up and convince followers to see their own inner needs, and help them to strengthen their growth.
(3) Understand the truth of love: love is to emphasize oneself to others and find other people’s needs; at the same time, it also works hard to meet other people’s needs. In Chapter 13 of "Proverbs of Love", the "eight qualities" of love include: love is patience, kindness, humility, respect, selflessness, forgiveness, integrity, and trustworthiness. Leaders should have in-depth understanding and realization of these eight characteristics.
(IV) Learn the key points of leadership: The most important thing about leadership is to motivate others and let them do things well. Leaders can influence people's willingness, or even enthusiastically dedicate their own efforts, creativity, and other resources that may affect their common goals. Leaders are to make people willing to have a sense of responsibility for the mission of the group.
Covey (2011), a famous American management master, pointed out: "Being able to decide your life, being a leader in international relations and family means becoming an aggressive and creative force in your own personal world." Therefore, a person's personality is actually the sum of every person's habit. To become a leader with the "supervisor spirit" as the essence, you must have strong motors, reflective ability, and regular practice. The most important thing is to deliberately make intentional and want to change yourself and pursue growth. Everything must be cultivated. Only by integrating your own learning experience, knowledge and body into your daily life and mitigating it, can you become a successful leader who can influence others.
1. 僕人-修練與實踐，作者：James C. Hunter，商周出版社，2005
1. The servant - Training and Practice, author: James C. Hunter, Shang and Zhou Publishing House, 2005
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 繳交四次課程日執行計畫書繳交四次課程日執行計畫書 Submit four course day execution plan books |
20 | 請從團體動力的角度學習企畫你如何引導成員目標的達成 |
| 繳交四次工作計畫書與執行反思繳交四次工作計畫書與執行反思 Submit four work plan books and carry out reflection |
20 | 請以經驗學習圈的概念書寫你在領導實務的體悟 |
| 閱讀引導與口頭報告上課參與與出席閱讀引導與口頭報告上課參與與出席 Reading Guide and Oral Reporting Class Participation and Attendance |
10 | |
| 服務學習服務學習 Service Learning |
50 |
