當代法國思想家傅柯(Foucault)致力權力、真理與主體關係研究，挖掘主體在不同歷史階段遭遇權力、真理所型構的各類主體模式，如同傅柯自己的解釋，「我所研究的毋寧是探討我們文化中，有關人類各種不同主體化模式的歷史」。這些研究如主體跟真理關係的《臨床醫學的誕生》、《知識考古學》；主體跟權力關係的《規訓和懲罰》；主體跟道德關係的《性經驗史》。傅柯關切重點是我們自身如何的問題，自身如何成為言說、勞動、生活的主體，如何成為知識、權力、道德的主體和客體。歷經瘋狂、醫療、監獄等不同時空下權力模式和主體化/屈從化過程的探討，傅柯晚年則將焦點放在人類的慾望史，也就是性經驗史中，探索性慾與禁制的關係、肉體快感的享用原則以及如何關懷自身，自身又如何建構成為倫理的主體。傅柯上溯古希臘羅馬文獻找到關懷自我、自我關注和自我技術的傳統。古希臘以來，有一種「人們可以使自己的生活變成一部作品的概念」，所談論的生活藝術、風格多是關於關懷自身的課題，這是一種關懷自身的藝術，圍繞著「跟自身的關係」、「自身與他人的關係」，而在性經驗中，也隱含人們對待自身、對待他人以及對待世界的經驗。傅柯據此鋪展我們自身遭遇及其形成的社會歷史條件下的歷史存在論以及自我關注的倫理學。關懷自身成為傅柯人類性經驗史的重點，「比起性的問題，我更加對關懷自身及其相關問題感興趣」，就傅柯而言，「關懷自身與自身技術的歷史，就是主體性歷史的一個實現方式」。而關懷自身的技術就是自我的技術，就是生存美學。性經驗史不再只是慾望如何產生、慾望與主體關係、慾望的道德禁制或快感的享用，更是一種自我關注、關懷自身的生存美學，也是一種實踐自由的生存美學。傅柯的《性經驗史》問題化權力、性與主體的關係，讓我們看到不同歷史階段的主體化實踐過程，也讓我們重新思考性與自身存在的關係。Contemporary French thinker Foucault is committed to the study of power, truth and subject relations, and explores the various subject patterns of power and truth that the subject encounters power and truth in different historical stages. Just like Fu Ke’s own explanation, “What I have studied is to explore the history of various different subjective models of human beings in our culture.” These studies include "The Genesis of Clinical Medicine" and "Knowledge Archaeology" in which the subject is related to truth; "Regulations and Punishment" in which the subject is related to power; and "History of Sexual Experience" in which the subject is related to morality. The focus of Fu Ke is on how we are, how we become the subject of speech, movement, and life, and how we become the subject and object of knowledge, power, and morality. In the study of the mode of sub-power in different time and space such as crazy, medical, and supervision, Fu Ke focused on the history of human desires, that is, the history of sexual experience, exploring the relationship between sexual desire and restrictions, the principle of enjoying physical pleasure, and how to care about himself, and how to build a body of ethics. Fu Ke traced back to ancient Greek Roman literature and found traditions about self-interest, self-attention and self-technology. Since ancient Greek, there was a concept that "people can turn their lives into a work". The life art and style discussed are mostly about subjects about themselves. This is an art that concerns themselves, which covers "related to themselves" and "related to themselves". In their sexual experience, it also implies people's experience of treating themselves, treating others, and treating the world. Fu Ke has developed our own experiences and the social historical conditions and the ethics of self-attention. Relevant oneself has become the focus of Fu Ke's human experience history. "I am more interested in concerning myself and its related problems than sexual problems." As for Fu Ke, "relevant oneself and his own technology is a practical way to relate to the subjective sexual history." And the technology that concerns oneself is one's own technology, which is survival aesthetics. The history of sexual experience is no longer just a moral restriction or pleasure of how desire arises, desires and subjects, desires, desires, or pleasures. It is also a life aesthetic that focuses on oneself and concerns oneself, and is also a life-free aesthetic of survival. The problem-making power and relationship between sex and subject in Fu Ke's "History of Sexual Experience" allows us to see the subjective implementation process in different historical stages, and also allows us to rethink the relationship between sex and our own existence.
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Edited by Wang Min'an, "Foucai Reading" (Beijing: Beijing University Press, 2010)
Editor of Bao Yaming, "The Eye of Power: Foucault's Interview" (Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1997)
Edited by Philip Ariyes, "The Sex of the Western People" (Shanghai: People's Publishing House, 2003)
Leached, "History of Ancient Greek Style" (Yan: Yangning Education Press, 2000)
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| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂進行課堂進行 Classes are underway |
20 | 一、課堂進行：課程以講授和討論方式進行，每週安排同學負責閱讀材料之摘要報告和閱讀心得，並提出問題，除嘗試回達所提問題外，也帶動全班討論。A4一頁，報告當天書面繳交。 |
| 平時作業平時作業 Normal operation |
25 | 每位同學需就各週之指定教材，任選六篇撰寫閱讀心得，期中考前和期末考前各繳三篇，每篇A4一頁左右書面繳交。 |
| 期中/期末考試期中/期末考試 Midterm/final exam |
55 | 申論題,考試不得攜書 |
