1980年代中期以來，政治理論對於民主的思考，已逐漸由過去「選舉為中心」的投票民主，轉向以「討論為中心」的審議式民主，主張公民才是民主體制的參與主體，所有受決策影響的公民或其代表，都應該要能夠透過知情、理性、平等的溝通後參與集體決定。另一方面，政府組織在1980年代為了解決因體制僵化難以面對快速變化時代的各種問題而引進「新公共管理」（New Public Management, NPM），以企業管理精神提供公共服務、強調經濟市場自由化和公營事業民營化，在1990年代因過度向經濟與企業傾斜，導致政府未能守護公共利益，為了矯正重市場輕公民、重短期效率輕長期社會公平的失衡發展，近年已逐漸轉向「新公共服務」（New Public Service, NPS）的治理模式，引入由下而上的公眾參與，以不同形式之審議民主，賦予公眾更多發言權與決定權。自2015、2016至2017年，臺中市已分別於中區、清水、豐原、大里等行政區執行「參與式預算」（Participatory Budgeting），此一即將邁入第三年的嶄新政策，起源於巴西愉港（Porto Alegre）的都市治理模式，也是審議民主（Deliberative Democracy）在臺灣最重要的公民參與模式之一。

本課程著重實作，依據「願景勾勒、實作方法、批判反思」三階段進行，將有數堂課於臺中市中區的審議民主現場參與活動或上課，體悟公民治理之精神並據此提出批判，檢視審議民主在臺中市之實踐並想像更多可能性。因此，審議民主既是本課程內容，同時也是問題意識，而以社區實作為方法，一方面促進修課同學理解社會學與社會現實之關係，另一方面則是鼓勵修課同學針對現行制度提出社會學批判，相關建議經彙整後，再將具體回饋意見給政府執行審議民主政策之局處參考。

修課後對臺中市參與式預算及食農教育、開放政府等審議民主實踐議題，具有務實的初步理解，並藉由實作參與親身體驗社會學想像，培養社會學分析及運用的能力。此外，透過對「臺中市參與式預算推動計畫」的近距離觀察，將深刻認識審議民主的不同形式，並從城市公民的角度，批判地明瞭審議民主的可能性與限制。

授課方式包括：專題演講、指定教材批判閱讀、時事討論、分組報告、校外參訪，及田野調查。課程前三分之一藉由參訪、討論、演講與閱讀提問，於全球在地城市脈絡下，勾勒願景並檢視審議民主精神，利用課堂報告一的分析研究，充實批判思考的能力。課程後三分之二著重實作訓練，持續閱讀提問，交替進行分組田野調查及與在地社群的對話等社會實踐，再利用第二次課堂報告與文字或影像紀錄等方式參與，具體練習社會實作能力。

Since the mid-1980s, political theory's thinking on democracy has gradually shifted from the past "election-centered" voting democracy to "discussion-centered" deliberative democracy. It advocates that citizens are the main participants in the democratic system. All citizens or their representatives affected by decision-making should be able to participate in collective decisions through informed, rational, and equal communication. On the other hand, government organizations introduced New Public Management (NPM) in the 1980s in order to solve various problems in the rapidly changing era due to the rigidity of the system. They provided public services in the spirit of corporate management and emphasized the liberalization of the economic market and the privatization of public utilities. In the 1990s, due to excessive tilt toward the economy and enterprises, the government failed to protect public interests. In order to correct the imbalanced development that values the market over citizens, short-term efficiency over long-term social equity, it has gradually turned to New Public Service (New Public Service) in recent years. NPS) governance model introduces bottom-up public participation and uses different forms of deliberative democracy to give the public more voice and decision-making power. From 2015, 2016 to 2017, Taichung City has implemented "Participatory Budgeting" (Participatory Budgeting) in the administrative districts of Central District, Qingshui, Fengyuan, and Dali respectively. This new policy, which is about to enter its third year, originated from the urban governance model of Porto Alegre in Brazil. It is also one of the most important citizen participation models of Deliberative Democracy in Taiwan.

This course focuses on practice and is conducted according to the three stages of "vision outline, implementation methods, and critical reflection". Several classes will be held at the deliberative democracy site in Taichung City. Participants will participate in activities or take classes at the deliberative democracy site in Central District, Taichung City. They will understand the spirit of citizen governance and make criticisms based on it, examine the practice of deliberative democracy in Taichung City, and imagine more possibilities. Therefore, deliberative democracy is not only the content of this course, but also the awareness of issues. Using community practice as a method, on the one hand, it promotes students in the course to understand the relationship between sociology and social reality. On the other hand, it encourages students in the course to put forward sociological criticisms of the current system. After the relevant suggestions are compiled, specific feedback will be given to the government for reference in implementing deliberative democracy policies.

After taking the course, students will have a pragmatic preliminary understanding of Taichung City’s participatory budgeting, food and agriculture education, open government and other deliberative democratic practice issues. Through practical participation, they will experience sociological imagination first-hand and develop the ability to analyze and apply sociology. In addition, through a close observation of the "Taichung City Participatory Budget Promotion Plan", we will gain a deep understanding of the different forms of deliberative democracy, and critically understand the possibilities and limitations of deliberative democracy from the perspective of urban citizens.

Teaching methods include: special lectures, critical reading of designated textbooks, current affairs discussions, group reports, off-campus visits, and fieldwork. The first third of the course uses visits, discussions, lectures and reading questions to outline the vision and examine the spirit of deliberative democracy in the context of local cities around the world. It uses the analysis and research of Class Report 1 to enrich critical thinking skills. The last two-thirds of the course focus on practical training, with continuous reading and questioning, alternating social practices such as group fieldwork and dialogue with local communities, and then using the second classroom report and text or video recording to specifically practice social practical skills.

1.Baiocchi, Gianpaolo, Patrick Heller, Marcelo K. Silva，林祐聖譯，2016，《如何自主啟動民主：巴西地方治理與公民社會的轉型》，新北市：國家教育研究院。

2.John Gastil、Peter Levine，劉介修、陳逸玲譯，2012，《審議民主指南：21世紀公民參與的有效策略》，臺北市：群學。

3.山崎亮，莊雅琇譯，2015，《社區設計：重新思考「社區」定義，不只設計空間，更要設計「人與人之間的連結」》，臺北市：臉譜。

4.萬毓澤，2016，〈萬毓澤：台灣推動「參與式預算」的反省與前瞻〉，《端傳媒》，https://goo.gl/Ux8tRc。

5.蘇彩足，2017，〈公部門推動參與式預算之經驗與省思〉，《文官制度季刊》9（2）：1-22，https://goo.gl/DhdQg5。

6.施聖文，2016，《臺中市參與式預算推動計畫成果報告書》。

1. Baiocchi, Gianpaolo, Patrick Heller, Marcelo K. Silva, translated by Lin Yousheng, 2016, "How to Initiate Democracy on Your Own: The Transformation of Local Governance and Civil Society in Brazil", New Taipei City: National Institute of Education.

2. John Gastil, Peter Levine, translated by Liu Jiexiu and Chen Yiling, 2012, "Guide to Deliberative Democracy: Effective Strategies for Citizen Participation in the 21st Century", Taipei: Qunxue.

3. Yamazaki Ryo, translated by Zhuang Yaxiu, 2015, "Community Design: Rethinking the definition of "community", not only designing space, but also designing "connections between people", Taipei City: Facebook.

4. Wan Yuze, 2016, "Wan Yuze: Reflection and Foresight on Taiwan's Promotion of "Participatory Budgeting"", "End Media", https://goo.gl/Ux8tRc.

5. Su Caizu, 2017, "Experiences and reflections on promoting participatory budgeting in the public sector", Civil Service Quarterly 9 (2): 1-22, https://goo.gl/DhdQg5.

6. Shi Shengwen, 2016, "Taichung City Participatory Budget Promotion Plan Results Report".