本課程旨在介紹實在論（critical realism）。課程分為六個單元：（1）簡介與導論；（2）批判實在論發展中具有重要意義、特別是提出核心概念的重要文獻；（3）概念批判與發展：以批判實在論觀點批判、重建特定社會學概念；（4）批判實在論與研究方法：特別是如何嫁接到質性研究方法；（5）應用批判實在論的經驗研究案例；（6）批判實在論的評價。

This course is designed to introduce critical realism. The course is divided into six units: (1) Introduction and introduction; (2) Important documents of great significance in the development of critical realism, especially important concepts that propose core concepts; (3) Concept criticism and development: criticizing and reconstructing specific sociological concepts from the perspective of critical realism; (4) Critical realism and research methods: especially how to graft into qualitative research methods; (5) Empirical research cases of applying critical realism; (6) Evaluation of critical realism.

使用書目（專書部分）：
（書目前*＝修課者輪流導讀文本，書目後**＝授課者導讀文本）
Patrick Baert，2011，《社會科學哲學：邁向實用主義》（Philosophy of the Social Sciences: Towards Pragmatism）。群學。
Berth Danermark, Mats Ekstrom, Liselotte Jakobsen and Janch Karlsson (2001) Explaining Society: An Introduction to Critical Realism in the Social Sciences. Routledge.
Roy Bhaskar, Margaret Archer, Andrew Collier, Tony Lawson and Alan Norrie, eds. (1998) Critical Realism: Essential Readings. Routledge
Ackroyd, S. and Fleetwood, S., eds. (2004) Realist Applications in Organisation and Management Studies. Routledge.
Andrew Brown, Steve Fleetwood and John Michael Roberts (eds), 2001. Critical Realism and Marxism. Routledge. （《批判實在論與馬克思主義》，廣西師範大學出版社，2007）
Bob Carter and Caroline New, 2004. Making Realism Work: Realist Social Theory and Empirical Research. Routledge.
Dave Elder-Vass, 2013. The Reality of Social Construction. Cambridge University Press
 進一步閱讀（摘自Sayer, Method in Social Science第二版修訂版序言）
Method in Social Science: A Realist Approach第找到實在論與其興趣議題相關的討論。
在更哲學的層次上，批判實在論之基本論證的討論仍持續著，像是客觀性與價值（Collier 1994, 2003）、因果關係（Groff 2008），而新的主題像是倫理學（Collier 1999; Norrie 2009），以及批判實在論主要創建者Roy Bhaskar的近期作品。國際批判實在論學會（The International Association for Critical Realism）及其官方刊物《批判實在論學刊》（Journal of Critical Realism）則為更多這類辯論提供論壇（亦見Archer et al. 1998）。

Bibliography (special book part):
(Before the book* = the course students will take turns to read the text, after the book** = the lecturer will be reading the text)
Patrick Baert, 2011, Philosophy of the Social Sciences: Towards Pragmatism. Group study.
Berth Danermark, Mats Ekstrom, Liselotte Jakobsen and Janch Karlsson (2001) Explaining Society: An Introduction to Critical Realism in the Social Sciences. Routledge.
Roy Bhaskar, Margaret Archer, Andrew Collier, Tony Lawson and Alan Norrie, eds. (1998) Critical Realism: Essential Readings. Routledge
Ackroyd, S. and Fleetwood, S., eds. (2004) Realist Applications in Organization and Management Studies. Routledge.
Andrew Brown, Steve Fleetwood and John Michael Roberts (eds), 2001. Critical Realism and Marxism. Routledge. ("Critical Realism and Marxism", Guangxi Normal University Press, 2007)
Bob Carter and Caroline New, 2004. Making Realism Work: Realist Social Theory and Empirical Research. Routledge.
Dave Elder-Vass, 2013. The Reality of Social Construction. Cambridge University Press
 Further reading (from the preface to the revised second edition of Sayer, Method in Social Science)
Method in Social Science: A Realist Approach finds discussions of realism relevant to topics of interest.
At a more philosophical level, discussions of the basic arguments for critical realism continue, such as objectivity and value (Collier 1994, 2003), causation (Groff 2008), and new topics such as ethics (Collier 1999; Norrie 2009), as well as the recent work of Roy Bhaskar, the main founder of critical realism. The International Association for Critical Realism and its official journal, the Journal of Critical Realism, provide a forum for more such debates (see also Archer et al. 1998).