對於現在仍是大一或大二的你/妳來說，就業選擇或許要再過個幾年，才會成為你們的頭號難題，因為時機未到，顯現這個攸關生存的問題還不夠切身？但是「勞動」、「性別」、「家庭」與「權利」等相關命題，絕對是需要你/妳從長計議與深思熟慮的大問題！
恩格斯(1883)在《家庭、私有制和國家的起源》一書中提出精闢的「兩種生產」的核心概念，他將之定義為「歷史中的決定性因素，即直接生活的生產和再生產。…兩種生產是統一的社會生產不可或缺的兩個方面」。他並清楚界定出物質生產與種的繁衍兩者。筆者認為：恩格斯回歸家庭探討社會制度與國家的起源的做法，給予社會學者許多想像，因為他的論說引導我們進而思辯交織於「兩種生產」之上的「性別」、「家庭」與「勞動」之間的關係與啟發為何？正如恩格斯所言：「勞動創造了人本身。…即勞動創造的物質財富，滿足了人生存、發展和繁衍的需要。…另一方面，通過人自身的生產，形成具有勞動能力的勞動者」。到此為止，兩種生產是相互支援且相輔相成的在歷史長流中發展延續，但直到資本主義出現了，它改變了家庭的定位，更透過與父權體制的共謀與計畫性的運作，「性別」與「勞動」竟成了競逐與再製不平等的類屬。
是的，正如馬克思與恩格斯所預知的，普羅大眾必須藉由出賣勞動力以維繫自身生存，而資本家則專心致力於極大化剩餘利潤的經濟目的，採取了擴大資本的制度性手段，與父權體制同謀，打造出公私分野、政治/家庭的從屬支配關係，進而深化性別分工的不平等論述，資本主義巧妙的對比兩種生產的勞動價值，為了製造甘願、訓練馴服的工人配合勞動趕工遊戲，故人類自身的生產(繁衍後代)被貶抑到家庭的私人領域裡，隱而不見，在此同時，所有與家庭內的勞動性質類似，與家務有關的工作全部落入女性化、去技術化、非正式化與服務性質的低薪工作類別中，可說是導致現今單親或高齡女性容易落入女性貧窮化現象的主因，也是拖垮家計生存的元兇。
今日我們都生活在經濟不安全的社會中，高齡、少子化社會的衝擊，中高齡失業與三明治世代的困境，還有年輕世代的失業與就業難題等，方方面面都需要政府、社會與家庭共同面對與解決，因為家庭生計一旦難以維續，直接受到牽連的將是照顧、生育等更多層出不窮的社會問題，可謂錯綜複雜、影響深遠，這也是本課程開設的主要用意。
最後，筆者所關注的面向，不僅是女性低薪的問題，就連男性做為養家糊口者，也身處於勞動體制的剝削與勞資對立下，無產階級之不利地位，過著為了工作賣命的窮忙生活，成了缺席的父親，破壞了家庭生活的和樂，製造了更多的家庭問題與衍生出難以預料的社會問題。
另外值得注意的是，已經有越來越多的底層勞動者，成為窮忙族，這些人當中不乏男性與年輕世代，以日本的尼特族與派遣村為例，我們也必需引以為鑑。

For those of you who are still in your freshman or sophomore year, employment choice may not become your number one problem for a few more years, because the time has not yet come, and this issue of survival is not relevant enough? However, relevant topics such as "labor", "gender", "family" and "rights" are definitely big issues that require long-term consideration and careful consideration by you!
Engels (1883) put forward the incisive core concept of "two kinds of production" in his book "The Origin of Family, Private Property and the State", which he defined as "the decisive factors in history, namely the production and reproduction of direct life. ... The two kinds of production are two indispensable aspects of unified social production." He also clearly defined material production and the reproduction of species. The author believes that Engels' return to the family to explore the origins of social systems and countries has given sociologists a lot of imagination, because his discussion leads us to think about the relationship and inspiration between "gender", "family" and "labor" that are intertwined with the "two kinds of production". As Engels said: "Labor creates man himself. ... That is, the material wealth created by labor satisfies man's needs for survival, development and reproduction. ... On the other hand, through the production of man himself, workers with the ability to work are formed." Up to this point, the two kinds of production have supported and complemented each other and have developed and continued in the long history. However, until the emergence of capitalism, it changed the position of the family. Through collusion and planned operation with the patriarchal system, "gender" and "labor" actually became categories of competition and reproduction of inequality.
Yes, as Marx and Engels predicted, the general public must maintain their own survival by selling their labor force, while the capitalists are dedicated to the economic purpose of maximizing surplus profits, adopting institutional means to expand capital, and colluding with the patriarchal system to create a public-private divide and a political/family subordinate dominance relationship, thereby deepening the unequal discussion of gender division of labor. Capitalism cleverly compares the labor values of the two productions in order to create willingness and training. Trained workers cooperate with the labor rush game, so human production (reproduction of offspring) is relegated to the private sphere of the family and is invisible. At the same time, all labor similar to that in the family and housework-related work all fall into the category of feminization, deskilling, informalization and service-type low-paying jobs. It can be said that this is the main reason why today's single parents or elderly women are prone to fall into female poverty, and it is also the culprit that drags down the family's survival.
Today we are all living in an economically insecure society. The impact of an aging society and a low birthrate society, the unemployment of middle-aged and elderly people and the plight of the sandwich generation, as well as the unemployment and employment problems of the younger generation, etc., all aspects need to be faced and solved by the government, society and families, because once the family livelihood is difficult to maintain, it will be directly affected by more social problems such as care and childbirth, which are complex and far-reaching. This is the main purpose of this course.
Finally, the aspect that the author is concerned about is not only the issue of women's low wages, but also men, as the breadwinners of the family, are also in the exploitation of the labor system and the opposition between labor and capital. The disadvantaged position of the proletariat leads to a busy life of working hard, becoming an absent father, destroying the harmony of family life, creating more family problems and deriving unpredictable social problems.
It is also worth noting that more and more low-level workers have become working poor, and there are many men and younger generations among these people. Taking the NEET and dispatch villages in Japan as an example, we must also learn from it.

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2.Harvey,David，2010，〈社會再生產〉，收錄於許瑞宋譯，《資本社會的17個矛盾》，頁196-213。
3.Burawoy,Michael，2005，〈資本主義勞動過程理論〉，收錄於林宗弘等譯，《製造甘願：壟斷資本主義勞動過程的歷史變遷》，頁127-155。6.Rosemary Crompton，2009，〈性別與工作〉，收錄於Kathy Davis, Mary Evans，楊雅婷等譯，《性別與女性研究手冊》，頁393-419。
4.劉梅君，1999，〈性別與勞動〉，收錄於王雅各主編，《性屬關係：性別與社會、建構(上)》，頁253-303。
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1. Harvey, David, 2010, "Capital enters the production process", collected in Chen Jing's translation, "The Mystery of Capital: The Truth about Capitalism Everyone Needs to Know", pp. 60-105.
2. Harvey, David, 2010, "Social Reproduction", collected in "17 Contradictions of Capital Society" translated by Xu Ruisong, pp. 196-213.
3. Burawoy, Michael, 2005, "Capitalist Labor Process Theory", collected in "Making Willingness: Historical Changes in the Monopoly Capitalist Labor Process", translated by Lin Zonghong and others, pp. 127-155. 6. Rosemary Crompton, 2009, "Gender and Work", collected in Kathy Davis, Mary Evans, Yang Yating and others, translated by "Handbook of Gender and Women's Studies", pp. 393-419.
4. Liu Meijun, 1999, "Gender and Labor", collected in "Sexual Relations: Gender and Social Construction (Part 1)" edited by Wang Jacob, pp. 253-303.
5. Lu Yuxia, 2006, "Family Economic Type and Women's Employment: Explanation of Family Strategies", collected in "Chinese Women's Family Status: A Comparison of Taiwan, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Hong Kong" edited by Yi Qingchun and Chen Yuhua. Beijing: Social Sciences Literature Press, pp. 369-401.
6. Lu Yuxia, 2009, "Family Survival Strategies and Women's Labor Participation Choices: Taking Taiwanese Family Enterprise Women as an Example", "Taiwan Journal of Sociology" 42: 95-141.
7. Xie Guoxiong, 1999, "Invisible Factory: Taiwan's Outsourcing Points and Family OEMs", "Pure Labor: Essays on Taiwan's Labor System", pp. 81-103.
8. Yi Qingchun and Jian Wenyin, 2001, "Continued Employment of Married Women: Compromise between the Family System and the Labor Market", "Taiwan Sociology" 1: 149-182.
9. Lan Peijia, 2008, "Transnational Cinderella: When a Southeast Asian Helper Meets Taiwan's Newly Rich Families", Chapter 3 "Why do women bother women?" 〉—Chapter 4 "Crossing National Boundaries and Gender Barriers", pp. 133-215.
10. Lan Peijia, 2014, "The Feminization of Migration: Reproductive Crisis and Intertwined Oppression", collected in "White Paper on the Situation of Women in Taiwan, 2014" edited by Chen Yaohua, pp. 309-341.
11. Chen Xiulian, 2014, "Public and Private Binding: The Labor Situation of Foreign Domestic Workers", pp. 1-21.
12. Wang Shuying and Zhang Yingkun, 1999, "Culture, Gender, and Care Work: Some Discussions on the "Feminization of Child Care Work"", "Sexual Assault and Harassment" 6: 404-437.
13. Wang Zengyong, 2014, "Welfare builds a family?" : The state’s discipline on the practice of family care,” collected in Huang Yinggui, editor-in-chief, “Family in the 21st Century: Where does Taiwan’s family go from here?” 》, pages 33-65.
14. Lu Yingxiu, 2013, "On Housework under Capitalism - Viewpoints and Debates between Marxism and Socialism", Master's Thesis, Institute of Philosophy, Central University, pp. 1-92.
15. Kadokura Takashi, 2008, translated by Gong Wanru, "Poor Busy People: The Coming of the New Poor Class Era", pages 1-93 (Chapter 1-Chapter 3).
16. Zhu Shenghui, 2007, "Send a "female" king? —The Impact of Labor Flexibility on Women’s Labor Participation,” 96th Academic Year Graduate Research Plan and Thesis Presentation of the Department of Sociology, Soochow University, page 29.