因果概念向居西方哲學的核心地位，它不僅有極其重要的認識論上的意義---科學知識建立在因果解釋的基礎上，且有更為根本的本體論和形上學的意義---宇宙萬物遵循齊一律則。同時基於這認識論與形上學的意義，因果概念也與神學、倫理學和其他實踐知識密切相關。「因果問題」同時也是當代哲學基本主要課題，廣泛涉及心靈哲學、科學哲學、行動哲學、法律哲學普遍關切的重要課題。懷德海(A. N. Whitehead)哲學的因果論不僅衍生自淵遠流長的西方哲學傳統（Plato與Aristotle哲學），積極回應自十七世紀科學興起以來目的因果與機械因果之間衝突對立的問題，且有相對論、電磁場論與量子物理學的現代科學背景。其所提出相關形上學與認識論的學說，無不涉及重要的哲學概念，包括時間、變化、必然性、決定、非決定、自由、創生、普遍、偶有、相對、絕對、現實、可能、上帝、知覺、感受、情緒、美感、主體、客體、環境、身體、心靈…等等。是不容忽視的哲學思想。本課程在透過懷德海相關原典導讀，了解其哲學中的因果概念及其與上述課題之關聯。The concept of causality ranks at the core of Western philosophy. It not only has its most important cognitive conceptional meanings--scientific knowledge is based on the basis of causal interpretation, but also has more fundamental intrinsic and metaphysical meanings--all things in the universe follow the rules of uniformity. At the same time, based on this cognitive theory and metaphysical meaning, the concept of causality is also closely related to theology, ethics and other practical knowledge. "Cause and Effect Questions" is also the basic main subject of contemporary philosophy, and it covers important topics that are generally concerned about the philosophy of mind, scientific philosophy, action philosophy, and legal philosophy. The causal argument of A. N. Whitehead philosophy is not only derived from the long-standing Western philosophy tradition (Plato and Aristotle philosophy), which will inevitably respond to the problems of the conflict between causal and mechanical causal arguments since the beginning of the seventeenth century science, and has a modern scientific background in relative discussions, electromagnetism and quantum physics. The relevant metaphysical and cognitive theory proposed by him all involve important philosophical concepts, including time, change, necessity, determination, non-decision, freedom, creation, universal, occasional, relative, absolute, reality, possibility, God, knowledge, feelings, emotions, beauty, subject, object, environment, body, mind, etc. It is a philosophical thought that cannot be ignored. This course is guided through the original text of the Related Classics of Dehai to understand the concept of causality in his philosophy and its connection with the above topics.
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_________. (1919). An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Natural Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
_________. (1920). The Concept of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
_________. (1922). The Principle of Relativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
__________. (1925). Science and the Modern World. New York: Macmillan Company.
_________. (1927). Symbolism Its Meaning and Effect. New York: Macmillan Company.
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__________. (1947). Essays in Science and Philosophy. New York: Philosophical Library.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 學期報告學期報告 Study period report |
70 | 應有碩士學位水平報告一篇 |
| 平時成績平時成績 Regular achievements |
30 | 充分參加課堂討論 |
