「海峽」

在 15 世紀地中海活動蓬勃發展同時，東亞和南亞隔海相望的絲綢之路也十分繁盛。

台灣海峽地區一直是亞洲海洋連接東北亞和東南亞的戰略節點，從而自19世紀以來不斷遭受不可避免的戰爭。在過去的六十年，是由於中國軍隊內戰著，且在海峽兩岸台灣與中國之間存在著政治上對抗。然而經濟和貿易活動已經巧妙的在兩岸進行近二十年。近幾年官方終於以互動代替對立，可望整體規模的互動與和平將很快到來。在二十世紀末，海峽兩岸關係趨緩，屏蔽百年的海峽將復甦前，銜接出二十一世紀全球佈局衝擊下的角色想像，探討海峽城市間能扮演何種角色，並尋找出戰略位置。由海岸連結東南亞國際，從台灣研究發展，提供的空間方法論，藉由之此論延伸至東南亞國際，以梳理台灣在國際下自身的角色。



「亞洲宣言」

海岸界面可以將兩岸的資源做整併，善加利用地理氣候優勢，可以創造出新的介面-東亞地中海。透過區域合作替代區域對抗，整並區域資源將成為全球劃時代的優勢。若能兼併東北亞的勤奮上進與東南亞的包容自在，朝向海峽思考，可見到峽圈文明的前瞻性不一般。

近年國際上興起了亞洲價值（Asian Values）概念，以乎還沒有引起台灣學術界應有的注意。亞洲為世界第一大洲，佔據地球陸地將近三分之一，人口佔全世界三分之二。無論在歷史、文化、種族、宗教、政治、經濟都是世界複雜之最。在亞洲民族間要找出共通個性（Identity）以與歐美區別決非容易之事。1994 年新加坡內閣資政李光耀認為亞洲國家存在共通的「儒家主義」（Confucianism）價值，因而型塑目前的社亞洲會文化面貌。這些區域性文化導致東亞國家的集體主義傾向，而非西方個人主義（self-assertion）。在石原慎太郎與馬哈地合著的《「NO」と言えるアジア》書中，認為亞洲文明早已超越了歐美現代文明史的界線（Boundary），應能對於未來的文明發展有更好的對應。他批評歐美個人主義和享樂煮的議價值觀念是社會衝突的加速器，與亞洲地區的集體主義、尊重傳同的價值觀有這巨大的差異性。認為亞洲應該保持自身原有文化價值的基礎上，超越歐美產業的水平，走出屬於自己的道路，甚至可以有效的將世界由以美元作為主要貿易貨幣的世代逆轉回來。

西方社會經歷文藝復興、宗教改革、啟蒙運動、工業革命，不斷的強調人的自由，Talcott Parsons也曾說西方現代化的要素之一就是個人主義；然而到二十世紀下半葉發展為藐視權威、中心、主流的「極端個人主義」（Over Individualism）。因此在亞洲價值中一直強調社會與國家比個人更加重要，與目前的主流西方價值觀正好反其道而行。以日本為例，在過去極具代表社會安定、個人紀律、責任感日本的價值觀在西化下，出現了日本病、也就是代表資本主義的"老死"。

世界多在追求歐美的現代化，然而卻發現現代化的社會並非完美的理想，開始對於現代化產生疑問。以泛太平洋社會圈尺度作為觀察基準，國家或是地區之間多以海峽作為互相賴以維生的關係尺度。舉例來說：對馬海峽、台灣海峽、麻六甲海峽等。海峽尺度在泛太平洋中，特別是對於東太平洋諸國，不只在經濟圈上有合作關係，更是在文化圈、社會圈、生活圈等有著緊密的交互重疊領域。建立如此結構關係，依靠人類文明或文化之經驗的累積下，不斷的分化，最後因地理上的不連貫造成更多元的文化圈關係。若是將此現象放大來看，美國與英國便是範例之一。雖是隔著太平洋，在文化或是文明上街是承襲殖民母國-英國的脈絡，依此脈絡在又發展出”美國模式”。但此脈絡因地理環境的不連貫(雖此條件因交通與通訊用具的改善已漸趨模糊)，而造成交流上的限制。然而台灣海峽的兩岸，文化圈確實重疊，且在歷史的影響下，各自發展出屬於在地的文化或文明脈絡。因此我們想要承接著這樣的海峽關係，延續文化或文明的脈絡，並且成為具有參考價值的”海峽模式”。



研究方法：

在成功啟動海峽模式之前，手法上運用公眾外交的方法做出海峽關係。公眾外交是包括以個人、以群眾、以社群、以非官方的方式進行國際交流。前一次米蘭世博會可能啟動了台灣公眾外交的機制，接下來幾次的活動項目還有三個項目。近期的包括：英國雙年展、香港台灣月、檳城 ........相關研究內容之結果回應公眾外交與傳統外交之差別。公眾外交的影響力擴及社會中更小的單位，不再是以上而下的發號指令與接受指令的形式。反而成為了以下先水平發展 (各單位的組織)，進而以上接收以下的資訊。可以看出公眾外交的核心輸出是做一種「區隔市場」價值，不再以工業式的方式做大眾行銷，以展現本國對於「文化市場」更深刻的論述。

"Strait"

At the same time that Mediterranean activity was booming in the 15th century, so was the Silk Road that linked East and South Asia across the sea.

The Taiwan Strait region has always been a strategic node in the Asian ocean connecting Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, and thus has been subject to inevitable wars since the 19th century. Over the past sixty years, there has been a civil war between the Chinese military and political confrontation between Taiwan and China on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. However, economic and trade activities have been carried out skillfully on both sides of the Taiwan Strait for nearly two decades. In recent years, officials have finally replaced confrontation with interaction, and it is hoped that interaction and peace on an overall scale will soon come. At the end of the 20th century, the relationship between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait has slowed down. Before the strait, which has been shielded for centuries, will recover, we will connect the role imagination under the impact of the global layout in the 21st century, explore what role the cities across the strait can play, and find out their strategic positions. Connecting the coast to Southeast Asia and the world, research and development from Taiwan provides a spatial methodology that can be extended to the Southeast Asia world to sort out Taiwan's role in the world.



"Asian Manifesto"

The coastal interface can integrate the resources on both sides of the strait and make full use of the geographical and climatic advantages to create a new interface - the East Asian Mediterranean. Replacing regional confrontation through regional cooperation and integrating regional resources will become an epoch-making advantage for the world. If we can combine the diligence and progress of Northeast Asia with the tolerance and freedom of Southeast Asia, and think towards the strait, we can see that the civilization of the strait is unusually forward-looking.

In recent years, the concept of Asian Values ​​has emerged internationally, but it has not yet attracted the attention it deserves from Taiwanese academic circles. Asia is the world's largest continent, accounting for nearly one-third of the earth's land and two-thirds of the world's population. No matter in terms of history, culture, race, religion, politics, or economy, it is the most complex in the world. It is not easy to find the common identity among Asian ethnic groups to distinguish them from those in Europe and America. In 1994, Singaporean Cabinet Minister Lee Kuan Yew believed that Asian countries had common "Confucianism" values, which shaped the current social and cultural landscape of society. These regional cultures lead to collectivistic tendencies in East Asian countries rather than Western individualism (self-assertion). In the book "NO" と言えるアジア" co-authored by Shintaro Ishihara and Mahathir, it is believed that Asian civilization has already surpassed the boundary (Boundary) of the history of modern European and American civilization, and should be able to better respond to the development of future civilizations. He criticized European and American individualism and hedonistic values ​​as accelerators of social conflicts, which are hugely different from Asian values ​​of collectivism and respect for inheritance. He believes that Asia should maintain its own original cultural values, surpass the level of European and American industries, and find its own path. It can even effectively reverse the world from the generation where the US dollar was the main trading currency.

Western society has experienced the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution, and has continuously emphasized human freedom. Talcott Parsons once said that one of the elements of Western modernization is individualism; however, in the second half of the twentieth century, it developed into "Over Individualism" that despised authority, the center, and the mainstream. Therefore, Asian values ​​have always emphasized that society and the country are more important than individuals, which is exactly the opposite of the current mainstream Western values. Take Japan as an example. In the past, Japanese values ​​that represented social stability, personal discipline, and a sense of responsibility were Westernized, and the Japanese disease, which is the "old age and death" that represents capitalism, appeared.

Most of the world is pursuing European and American modernization, but it has discovered that modern society is not a perfect ideal, and it has begun to have questions about modernization. Taking the scale of the Pan-Pacific social circle as the benchmark for observation, countries or regions often use straits as the scale of relationships on which each other depends for survival. For example: Tsushima Strait, Taiwan Strait, Malacca Strait, etc. The scale of the strait is in the Pan-Pacific, especially for the countries in the East Pacific. They not only have cooperative relations in the economic circle, but also have close interaction and overlapping areas in the cultural circle, social circle, and life circle. The establishment of such a structural relationship relies on the accumulation of experience in human civilization or culture, which will continue to differentiate, and finally lead to more diverse cultural circle relationships due to geographical incoherence. If we look at this phenomenon on a larger scale, the United States and the United Kingdom are examples. Although we are across the Pacific Ocean, the culture or civilization in the streets is inherited from the colonial mother country, the United Kingdom, and based on this context, the "American model" has been developed. However, this context is incoherent due to the geographical environment (although this condition has gradually become blurred due to the improvement of transportation and communication equipment), resulting in communication restrictions. However, the cultural circles on both sides of the Taiwan Strait do overlap, and under the influence of history, each has developed its own local culture or civilization. Therefore, we want to inherit this kind of relationship across the Straits, continue the line of culture or civilization, and become a "Straits model" with reference value.



Research methods:

Before the successful launch of the Straits model, public diplomacy methods were used to establish relations across the Straits. Public diplomacy includes international communication through individuals, groups, communities, and unofficial means. The previous Milan World Expo may have launched Taiwan's public diplomacy mechanism, and there are three more events in the next few events. Recent ones include: British Biennale, Hong Kong and Taiwan Month, Penang... The results of relevant research content reflect the differences between public diplomacy and traditional diplomacy. The influence of public diplomacy extends to smaller units in society and is no longer a top-down form of giving and receiving instructions. Instead, it became the following horizontal development (the organization of each unit), and then the above received the following information. It can be seen that the core output of public diplomacy is to achieve the value of "differentiating the market" and no longer use industrial mass marketing to demonstrate the country's more profound discussion of the "cultural market".

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