筆者認為社會建構的母職體制使得女人成為母親後的育兒經驗，或是與孩子的親密互動而創生的母職經驗，出現了如馬克思所言的異化或疏離的結果；也產生了如Dorothy Smith(1987)所論的「斷裂經驗」，因為女性對於母職的主體認知與社會建制下的母職期待不相符合，因而產生了母職經驗與母職建制之間的斷裂與衝突。在父權社會脈絡下，「賢妻良母」的美好形象承載著主流大眾所普遍認知的社會定位與角色期待，它強調母性是天生的，母愛是無私的，進而主宰了女性如何實踐母職的內容與標準。因此Rich(1976)批判母職對女人所造成的壓迫，正是來自母職的建制化(institutional motherhood)。
女性主義學者Nancy Chodorow(1999)在《母職的再生產》“The Reproduction of Mothering”一書中指出，母職的工作是構成社會不可缺少的部分。小孩藉由母親開始社會化的歷程，學習社會價值、道德準則、性別關係，以及家庭內外的性別分工，因此，女人的母職不僅對家庭而言極為重要，也可以成為改變社會的實踐。她尤其突顯女兒與母親之間的文化傳承意義。她更主張：母職不是孤立存在的，而是性別分工的基礎構成因素，有助於性別不平等的再生產。Nancy Chodorow(1999)也從心理分析觀點提出親職的結構如何自我複製的過程，正所謂宜室宜家的女性。故女人的母職則是家庭生活與性別分工的制度化特性。
社會學者Sharon Hays(1996)在《母職的文化矛盾》“The Cultural Contradiction of Motherhood”討論道：「密集母職」是社會建構的產物，它特別強調以孩子為中心的教養方式，以及專家論述的權威性，更強調母性的自然本質，以及母職作為女人的本能等立論，要求母親必須投入大量的時間和心力，擔綱扮演育兒過程裡的主角。由此母職建制而來的母職論述，影響並形塑了當代社會的母職實踐，主流論述認定母職對於女人而言應該是簡單輕鬆、游刃有餘，彷彿設定了女人天生就是母親的腳本，但筆者以自身的母職經驗提出反證，回應母職對於女人來說並不是輕而易舉、天生就會的事，如何「做媽媽」或「做爸爸」這件事，必須有過親身體驗才能理解其真義，因此大多數人都是邊學邊做、邊做邊學，從失敗中汲取教訓，才漸漸調適成更成熟、更盡責的父母角色。

The author believes that the socially constructed motherhood system causes a woman's parenting experience after becoming a mother, or the motherhood experience created from close interaction with her children, to produce the results of alienation or alienation as Marx said; it also produces a "fracture experience" as Dorothy Smith (1987) discussed, because women's subjective cognition of motherhood does not match the expectations of motherhood under the social establishment, thus creating a break and conflict between motherhood experience and motherhood establishment. In the context of a patriarchal society, the beautiful image of a "good wife and loving mother" carries the social positioning and role expectations generally recognized by the mainstream public. It emphasizes that motherhood is innate and maternal love is selfless, which in turn dominates the content and standards of how women practice motherhood. Therefore, Rich (1976) criticized the oppression caused by motherhood to women, which stems from the institutional motherhood of motherhood.
Feminist scholar Nancy Chodorow (1999) pointed out in the book "The Reproduction of Mothering" that motherhood is an indispensable part of society. Children begin the process of socialization through their mothers, learning social values, moral principles, gender relations, and the gender division of labor inside and outside the family. Therefore, a woman's motherhood is not only extremely important to the family, but can also become a practice that changes society. She especially highlights the significance of cultural inheritance between daughter and mother. She further argued that motherhood does not exist in isolation, but is a fundamental component of the gender division of labor and contributes to the reproduction of gender inequality. Nancy Chodorow (1999) also proposed from a psychoanalytic perspective how the structure of parenthood reproduces itself, the so-called IKEA women. Therefore, women's motherhood is an institutionalized feature of family life and gender division of labor.
Sociologist Sharon Hays (1996) discussed in "The Cultural Contradiction of Motherhood": "Intensive motherhood" is a product of social construction. It places special emphasis on child-centered parenting and the authority of expert discussions. It also emphasizes the natural essence of motherhood and motherhood as a woman's instinct. It requires mothers to invest a lot of time and effort and play the leading role in the parenting process. The discourse on motherhood derived from this establishment of motherhood has influenced and shaped the practice of motherhood in contemporary society. The mainstream discourse asserts that motherhood should be simple, easy, and effortless for women, as if setting a script that women are born to be mothers. However, the author uses her own motherhood experience to provide counter-evidence and respond to the role that motherhood has for women. It is not something that comes easily to people and comes naturally. How to "be a mother" or "be a father" requires personal experience in order to understand its true meaning. Therefore, most people learn by doing, learn by doing, and learn from failures before gradually adapting to a more mature and responsible role as parents.

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1. Nancy J. Chodorow, 2003, "The Reproduction of Motherhood: Psychoanalysis and Gender Sociology", translated by Zhang Junmei
2. Liang Lifang et al., 2014, "Sociology of Alley Entrance", "What will happen after my mother gives birth to me?" "Sociological Observations on Being a Mother", "I gave birth at home; childbirth is love, nourishment and strength", "Motherhood is Strong: Motherhood as a Field for Changing Society".
3. Chen Huijuan and Guo Dingying, 1998, "Discussion on the connotation of the concept of "motherhood" - Feminist perspective", "Educational Research Collection", 41: 73-101.
4. Pamela Abbott, Claire Wallace, Melissa Tyler, translated by Zheng Yujing, 2008, "Feminist Sociology"
5. Edited by Huang Shuling and You Meihui, 2012, "Gender Dimension and Taiwanese Society (Second Edition)"
6. I. D. Balbus, 1999, "The Man Carrying a Child: A True Story of a Father Raising a Baby"
7. Alison I. Griffith & Dorothy E. Smith, 2008, "The Tug of War between Motherhood Tasks and School Education", reviewed by Lu Mingzhen, Lin Jinru and others
8. Zhang Minghui, 2004, "The Motherhood Dilemma of New Immigrant Women—The Curse of the Delayed Development of "Sons of New Taiwan""
9. Written by Chen Zhixian and Yang Qiaoling, 2011, "Embarrassing Parents, Making Things Difficult for Parents: Content Analysis of Parenting Reports in "United Daily News" (1978-2008)", "Journalism Research".
10. Xu Tingwen, Liu Meijun, 2007, "The Impact of Parental Leave on the Motherhood System in my country", pp. 1-23. (2007 Taiwan Women’s Society and Normal University 40th Anniversary Academic Symposium - "Family and Work: Changing Phenomenon and Multiple Imaginations").
11. Wu Shuyun, 2007, "Continuity and Change: On Motherhood and its Role in Social Policy Decision-making", pp. 1-19. (2007 Taiwan Women’s Society and Normal University 40th Anniversary Academic Symposium - "Family and Work: Changing Phenomenon and Multiple Imaginations").
12. Tang Wenhui, 2002, "Who Will Take Care?" Motherhood and Social Policy in Taiwan: A Feminist Perspective, pp. 12-29.
13. Zhao Yanning, 2010, "Cross-border Motherhood Citizenship: The Changing Moral Economy of China's Northern Fujian Border Region", "Journal of Taiwan Society", 44: 155-212.
14. Zhao Wanrong, 2008, "Chinese Studying Mothers in Singapore: A Preliminary Study on the Experience of Transnational Mobility in Motherhood", pp. 1-30, thesis of Institute of Anthropology, Tsinghua University.
15. Yu Guirong, 2011, "Harvesting at ease: Stories of maternal life among Bunun tribe women", pp. 1-20, (thesis of the Institute of Multicultural Education, National Donghua University).
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