訓練同學具備官僚體系運作與行政決策知識To train students to have knowledge about the operation of bureaucratic system and administrative decision-making
本課程希望能夠讓修課同學瞭解各種不同的政府官僚組織究竟在做些什麼（例如外交部、內政部、環保署、勞委會、國防部等等機關）？不同官僚組織表現出來甚麼樣的不同行為？為什麼它們會有如此不同的行為？課程最終的目的是希望同學能夠瞭解官僚組織運作的真相，以及官僚組織運作對於行政決策的影響。課程的重點在於討論政府官僚組織體系當中各種不同層級的行政人員（第一線執行人員、中層主管、高階文官與政務官）所表現出來的行政行為以及這些行政行為背後所隱藏的原因和產生的結果（特別針對對於行政決策所造成的影響）。
政府官僚組織的目標通常很模糊，在目標模糊目標的情況下，第一線執行人員很容易依照自己所處的環境、專業規範、過去的經驗等等因素來界定任務，因此行為型態往往偏離組織所界定的目標與行為標準；中層主管因為掌握不完全的主管權力（例如營收的與人事掌控權不足），因此控管基層人員的順服就往往力不從心；高階文官與政務官處在複雜的政治環境當中，通常他們會以政治考慮為先，因此中層主管與基層人員往往無所適從，當然也間接影響基層人員與中層主管的行為。本課程包含以下幾個單元：
（1） 導論：政府官僚組織運作的本質。
（2） 第一線執行人員的行為分析：環境、信仰、經驗、專業規範、利益、文化。
（3） 中層主管所面臨的限制：營收的自由運用權、生產要素的控制權、組織目標的選擇權等等限制。
（4） 政府官僚組織人員的順服問題：如何控管不同特質政府機關基層行政人員的行為？
（5） 高層文官與政務官行為分析：勢力範圍、策略與革新
（6） 官僚組織的跨國比較
（7） 政府官僚組織制度設計的相關課題：行政體系的變革（問題的根源與變革途徑）
This course hopes to enable students to understand what different government bureaucratic organizations are doing (such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of the Interior, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Labor Committee, the Ministry of National Defense, etc.)? What different behaviors do different bureaucratic organizations exhibit? Why do they behave so differently? The ultimate goal of the course is to enable students to understand the truth about the operation of bureaucratic organizations and the impact of bureaucratic organization operations on administrative decision-making. The focus of the course is to discuss the administrative behaviors performed by administrative personnel at different levels in the government bureaucracy organizational system (front-line executives, middle-level supervisors, senior civil servants and administrative officials) as well as the hidden reasons and consequences behind these administrative behaviors. Results (especially the impact on administrative decisions).
The goals of government bureaucracies are usually very vague. When the goals are vague, front-line executives can easily define tasks based on their own environment, professional norms, past experiences, etc., so their behavioral patterns often deviate. The goals and behavioral standards defined by the organization; middle-level supervisors have incomplete supervisory authority (such as lack of control over revenue and personnel), so it is often difficult to control the compliance of grassroots personnel; senior civil servants and administrative officers are in a complex political environment, and they usually put political considerations first, so middle-level supervisors and Junior staff are often at a loss as to what to do, which of course also indirectly affects the behavior of junior staff and middle-level supervisors. This course contains the following units:
(1) Introduction: The nature of the operation of government bureaucratic organizations.
(2) Behavioral analysis of front-line executives: environment, beliefs, experience, professional norms, interests, and culture.
(3) Restrictions faced by middle-level managers: the right to freely use revenue, the right to control production factors, the right to choose organizational goals, etc.
(4) The issue of obedience of government bureaucratic personnel: How to control the behavior of grassroots administrative personnel of government agencies with different characteristics?
(5) Analysis of the behavior of high-level civil servants and administrative officials: spheres of influence, strategies and innovations
(6) Cross-national comparison of bureaucratic organizations
(7) Topics related to the design of government bureaucracy’s organizational system: changes in the administrative system (the root of the problem and ways to change)
指定教科書
自編中文講義。基本架構取材於James Q. Wilson（2000）Bureaucracy: What Agencies Do and Why They Do It. CA: The Basic Books, Inc.
參考書目
William A. Niskanen, Jr.（2007）Bureaucracy and Public Economics, Vermont: Edward Elgard Publishing Company
Daniel P. Carpenter（2001）The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862-1928. N.J.: Princeton University Press.
David E. Lewis(2008)The Politics of Presidential Appointments: Political Control and Bureaucratic Performance N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Paul C. Light (1995) Thickening Government: Federal Hierarchy and the Diffusion of Accountability Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press
其他重要期刊論文
Designated textbooks
Self-compiled Chinese handouts. The basic structure is adapted from James Q. Wilson (2000) Bureaucracy: What Agencies Do and Why They Do It. CA: The Basic Books, Inc.
Bibliography
William A. Niskanen, Jr. (2007) Bureaucracy and Public Economics, Vermont: Edward Elgard Publishing Company
Daniel P. Carpenter (2001) The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862-1928. N.J.: Princeton University Press.
David E. Lewis(2008)The Politics of Presidential Appointments: Political Control and Bureaucratic Performance N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Paul C. Light (1995) Thickening Government: Federal Hierarchy and the Diffusion of Accountability Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press
Other important journal articles
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 期中考試期中考試 midterm exam |
40 | 第一堂上課說明 |
| 期末書面報告期末書面報告 Final written report |
40 | 第一堂上課說明 |
| 出席率與課堂參與出席率與課堂參與 Attendance and Class Participation |
20 | 第一堂上課說明 |
