1.繼承法係為規範基於身分關係對於因繼承所生財產上之權利義務關係.其立法目的及精神,一方面確保繼承人生存權,人格權,平等權,財產權,另一方面亦應兼顧債權人之財產權及社會交易安全等權益.1931年制定之我國民法採當然繼承主義,繼承人如未於法定期間內辦理限定或拋棄繼承,原則上須承受被繼承人財產上之一切權利與義務,但專屬於被繼承人之權利義務則非屬繼承之範圍.
2.自1931年制定施行以來,歷經數次修法,主要有2008年及2009年六月之修法,2009年六月之修法將原以概括繼承為原則,限定繼承及拋棄繼承例外之繼承制度,修正為以繼承人負限定責任為原則,拋棄繼承為例外.換言之,繼承人除拋棄繼承外,雖概括承受被繼承人財產上一切權利及義務,但對於被繼承人之債務,僅以所得遺產為限,負有限責任.此外,配合2009年11月23日施行之監護與輔助宣告制度,2009年12月30日修正公布民法第1198條,第1210條,及民法繼承編施行法第11條等.
3.為保護弱勢繼承人,避免因無法知悉其得繼承,及被繼承人生前之債務等,分別於2008年及2009年六月修法時,於繼承編施行法增訂第1條之1,第1條之2,第1條之3等為例外之溯及既往之規定.惟對於修正施行前已償還之債務,基於法之安定性及信賴保護原則,明訂不得請求返還.
4.為加強保護舊法時之繼承人,2013年1月30日修正公布繼承編施行法第1條之1及第1條之2,將先前由繼承人就由其繼續償還債務,顯失公平之舉証責任,改為原則上以所得遺產為限,負清償責任;但債權人如能証明由繼承人負清償之有限責任,顯失公平者,繼承人仍須負無限責任.
5.本課程首先介紹收養,完全收養制,受監護及輔助宣告人之繼承能力;其次,就繼承編,繼承編施行法,及相關特別法,如保險法,臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例,祭祀公業條例,公證法等為配合說明;並介紹外國立法例,大法官會議解釋文,及相關實務見解等.
6.本課程一方面介紹相關民法與繼承法之基本概念,以利概念了解及比較;另一方面配合相關實務案例為適用及研析.盼引發同學學習興趣,進而發展學習方式,以期培養發現問題,獨立思考,與尋求正確資訊及解決問題之能力.1. The inheritance law system regulates the relationship of rights and obligations with respect to property resulting from inheritance based on status. Its legislative purpose and spirit are to ensure that heirs' rights to survival, personality, equality, and property rights on the one hand, and on the other hand, creditors should also be taken into account Property rights and social transaction security equal rights and interests. Our country’s civil law enacted in 1931 adopts the doctrine of ex officio succession. If the heir fails to limit or abandon the inheritance within the legal period, in principle he must assume all the rights and obligations of the decedent’s property, but the rights and obligations exclusive to the decedent shall not It is not within the scope of inheritance.
2. Since it was enacted and implemented in 1931, the law has been revised several times, mainly the revisions in June 2008 and 2009. The revisions in June 2009 will be based on the principle of general inheritance, limiting inheritance and abandoning the inheritance system of inheritance exceptions. The amendment is based on the principle that heirs bear limited liability, and abandonment of inheritance is an exception. In other words, except for abandoning inheritance, although heirs Generally assumes all the rights and obligations of the deceased's property, but has limited liability for the debts of the deceased only to the extent of the inheritance received. In addition, in conjunction with the guardianship and auxiliary declaration system implemented on November 23, 2009, in December 2009 On the 30th, Articles 1198 and 1210 of the Civil Code, Article 11 of the Civil Code Succession and Enforcement Act, etc. were revised and promulgated.
3. In order to protect vulnerable heirs from being unaware of their inheritance and the debts of the deceased during his lifetime, Article 1-1 and Article 1 were added to the Enforcement Law of Succession in June 2008 and 2009 respectively when the law was revised. 2 and 3 of Article 1 are exceptional retroactive provisions. However, for debts that have been repaid before the amendment is implemented, based on the principles of legal stability and trust protection, it is expressly stipulated that no return may be requested.
4. In order to strengthen the protection of the heirs under the old law, Article 1-1 and 1-2 of the Succession Enforcement Act were amended and promulgated on January 30, 2013. It is unfair that the debts previously paid by the heirs should be continued by them. The burden of proof is changed to, in principle, be limited to the inheritance received, and the liability for repayment is borne; however, if the creditor can prove that it is unfair for the heir to bear limited liability for repayment, the heir must still bear unlimited liability.
5. This course first introduces adoption, complete adoption, guardianship and the inheritance capacity of the auxiliary declarant; secondly, it covers the inheritance code, the inheritance code enforcement law, and related special laws, such as the Insurance Law, the Regulations on Relations between the People of Taiwan and the Mainland Area, Regulations on worshiping public services, notarization laws, etc. are provided as supporting explanations; foreign legislative cases, interpretations of the Supreme Court Conference, and relevant practical insights are also introduced.
6. On the one hand, this course introduces the basic concepts of relevant civil law and inheritance law to facilitate conceptual understanding and comparison; on the other hand, it cooperates with relevant practical cases for application and analysis. It is hoped to arouse students' interest in learning, and then develop learning methods, with a view to cultivating discovery Problems, independent thinking, and the ability to seek correct information and solve problems.
某人死亡時，其一切的權利義務，須於一定秩序外，有人為之受；而其生前所扶養的親屬或家屬，為維持生活，乃須依賴遺產。本課程即在研討繼承關係及遺產繼承等諸問題，民法繼承之規定。
When someone dies, all his rights and obligations must be taken over by someone outside a certain order; and the relatives or family members he supported during his lifetime must rely on the inheritance to maintain their livelihood. This course studies various issues such as inheritance relations and inheritance, as well as the provisions of civil law inheritance.
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12. Jian Liangyu, Research on the History of Divorce Legal System and International Development Trends, Yuedan Law, Issue 175, December 2009, pages 182-202.
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| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 平時成績平時成績 usual results |
33 | 出缺席狀況,準備及參與,平時作業或隨堂考試,能力提升之努力. |
| 期中考試期中考試 midterm exam |
33 | 以基本概念釐清並配合案例練習為重心 |
| 學期考試學期考試 Semester exam |
34 | 以基本概念釐清並配合案例練習為重心 |
