引介學生認識近代哲學的背景與重要哲學家的學說。Introduce students to the background of modern philosophy and the teachings of important philosophers.
本課程接承西洋哲學史（一），主要講授自中世紀以後至十九世紀的西方近代哲學史，特別是Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Leibniz, Kant等人，有關知識論、形上學、倫理學、政治與社會哲學等思想。自十七世紀科學興起，哲學與科學密切結合。為因應科學知識與方法兩大特徵：數理推論與觀察實驗，西方近代哲學有兩大主流：歐陸理性論與英國經驗論，分別以理性與經驗作為知識的基礎與來源。之後康德提出先驗哲學，試圖批判綜合之。上述學派配合十八世紀的啟蒙運動分別在英國、法國與德國展開，對哲學及科學各自的發展及兩者之結合均有影響。其中日內瓦哲學家盧梭(J. J. Rousseau)首開歐洲浪漫運動的先聲，是反科學理性的主要思想家。繼康德先驗論之後，德國觀念論蓬勃發展。以費希特(J. G. Fichte)、謝林(F. W. J. Schelling)和黑格爾(G. W. F. Hegel)的哲學為主。此外施萊爾馬哈(F. E. D. Schleiermacher)的解經學(hermeneutics)，對德國哲學也有次要的貢獻。至十九世紀，西方哲學在黑格爾之後的發展更是多元而分歧，其中包括馬克斯(Karl Marx)的歷史唯物論、孔德(Auguste Comte)的實證論、穆勒(John S. Mill)的效益論、叔本華(A. Schopenhauer)和尼采(F. Nietzsche)的意志哲學等。而新黑格爾主義(Neo-Hegelism)的思想則在英國、德國及美洲新大陸各有其發展。同時實用論(pragmatism)、新實在論(neo-realism)、分析哲學(analytic philosophy)、存在主義 (existentialism)、詮釋學(hermeneutics)、現象學(phenomenology)、歷程哲學(process philosophy)皆方興未艾，正為二十世紀的多元哲學注入活水。
This course follows the History of Western Philosophy (I) and mainly teaches the history of modern Western philosophy from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, especially Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Leibniz, Kant, etc., on the theory of knowledge and form. Thoughts such as schooling, ethics, political and social philosophy. Since the rise of science in the seventeenth century, philosophy and science have been closely integrated. In response to the two major characteristics of scientific knowledge and methods: mathematical inference and observation and experiment, there are two mainstreams in modern Western philosophy: European rationalism and British empiricism, which regard rationality and experience as the basis and source of knowledge respectively. Later, Kant proposed transcendental philosophy and tried to critically synthesize it. The above-mentioned schools of thought were launched in England, France and Germany in conjunction with the Enlightenment Movement of the 18th century, and had an impact on the development of philosophy and science as well as the combination of the two. Among them, the Genevan philosopher J. J. Rousseau pioneered the European Romantic Movement and was the main thinker who opposed scientific rationality. Following Kant’s transcendentalism, German idealism flourished. Mainly the philosophies of J. G. Fichte, F. W. J. Schelling and G. W. F. Hegel. In addition, F. E. D. Schleiermacher's hermeneutics also made a minor contribution to German philosophy. By the 19th century, the development of Western philosophy after Hegel was even more diverse and divergent, including Karl Marx's historical materialism, Auguste Comte's positivism, John S. Mill's The theory of effectiveness, the philosophy of will of A. Schopenhauer and F. Nietzsche, etc. The ideas of Neo-Hegelism have developed in Britain, Germany and the New World of America. At the same time, pragmatism, neo-realism, analytic philosophy, existentialism, hermeneutics, phenomenology, and process philosophy are all in the ascendant. It is injecting vitality into the pluralistic philosophy of the twentieth century.
1. 傅偉勳，《西洋哲學史》，第二版，台北：三民，2004。
2. Anthony Kenny, A New History of Western Philosophy, V.3: The Rise of Modern Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.（中譯：《牛津西方哲學史》，第三卷：近代哲學的興起，楊平譯，長春：吉林出版社，2010。）
3. Anthony Kenny, A New History of Western Philosophy, V.4: Philosophy in the Modern World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.（中譯：《牛津西方哲學史》，第四卷：現代世界中的哲學，梁展譯，長春：吉林出版社，2010。）
1. Fu Weixun, "History of Western Philosophy", second edition, Taipei: Sanmin, 2004.
2. Anthony Kenny, A New History of Western Philosophy, V.3: The Rise of Modern Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006. (Chinese translation: "Oxford History of Western Philosophy", Volume 3: The Rise of Modern Philosophy, Yang Ping Translated, Changchun: Jilin Publishing House, 2010)
3. Anthony Kenny, A New History of Western Philosophy, V.4: Philosophy in the Modern World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006. (Chinese translation: "Oxford History of Western Philosophy", Volume 4: Philosophy in the Modern World, Translated by Liang Zhan, Changchun: Jilin Publishing House, 2010).
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 平常成績平常成績 normal grades |
20 | 含出缺席狀況及平常表現 |
| 期中考試期中考試 midterm exam |
40 | |
| 期末考試期末考試 final exam |
40 |
