訓練同學具備官僚體系運作與行政決策知識Training students have knowledge of bureaucratic system operation and administrative decision-making
本課程希望能夠讓修課同學瞭解各種不同的政府官僚組織究竟在做些什麼（例如外交部、內政部、環保署、勞委會、國防部等等機關）？不同官僚組織表現出來甚麼樣的不同行為？為什麼它們會有如此不同的行為？課程最終的目的是希望同學能夠瞭解官僚組織運作的真相，以及官僚組織運作對於行政決策的影響。課程的重點在於討論政府官僚組織體系當中各種不同層級的行政人員（第一線執行人員、中層主管、高階文官與政務官）所表現出來的行政行為以及這些行政行為背後所隱藏的原因和產生的結果（特別針對對於行政決策所造成的影響）。
政府官僚組織的目標通常很模糊，在目標模糊目標的情況下，第一線執行人員很容易依照自己所處的環境、專業規範、過去的經驗等等因素來界定任務，因此行為型態往往偏離組織所界定的目標與行為標準；中層主管因為掌握不完全的主管權力（例如營收的與人事掌控權不足），因此控管基層人員的順服就往往力不從心；高階文官與政務官處在複雜的政治環境當中，通常他們會以政治考慮為先，因此中層主管與基層人員往往無所適從，當然也間接影響基層人員與中層主管的行為。本課程包含以下幾個單元：
（1） 導論：政府官僚組織運作的本質。
（2） 第一線執行人員的行為分析：環境、信仰、經驗、專業規範、利益、文化。
（3） 中層主管所面臨的限制：營收的自由運用權、生產要素的控制權、組織目標的選擇權等等限制。
（4） 政府官僚組織人員的順服問題：如何控管不同特質政府機關基層行政人員的行為？
（5） 高層文官與政務官行為分析：勢力範圍、策略與革新
（6） 官僚組織的跨國比較
（7） 政府官僚組織制度設計的相關課題：行政體系的變革（問題的根源與變革途徑）
This course hopes that students can understand what different government bureaucrats are doing (such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Interior, Environmental Protection Agency, Commission of the Commission, Ministry of Defense and other agencies)? What are the different behaviors of different bureaucracies? Why do they behave so differently? The ultimate goal of the course is to hope that students can understand the truth about the operation of bureaucratic organizations and the impact of bureaucratic organizations on administrative decisions. The focus of the course is to discuss the administrative actions expressed by various levels of administrative personnel (first-line executives, middle-level supervisors, senior civil servants and political officials) in the government bureaucracy system, as well as the causes and results hidden behind these administrative actions (particularly affecting administrative decisions).
The goals of government bureaucracies are usually very vague. In the case of blurring goals, first-line executors can easily define tasks according to their environment, professional rules, past experience and other factors. Therefore, behavioral patterns often deviate from the goals and behavior standards defined by the organization; middle-level supervisors have incomplete supervisory authority. Therefore, the control of basic staff is often ineffective in controlling the subsistence of basic staff; senior civil servants and political officials are in a complex political environment, and usually they take political considerations first, so middle-level supervisors and basic staff are often inappropriate, and of course they also affect the behavior of basic staff and middle-level supervisors. This course contains the following units:
(1) Discussion: The nature of the operation of government bureaucratic organizations.
(2) Analysis of behavior of first-line executors: environment, belief, experience, professional regulations, interests, and culture.
(3) Restrictions faced by the middle-level supervisor: restrictions on free use of the acquisition, control of production factors, selection of organizational goals, and other restrictions.
(4) Government bureaucratic organization personnel’s smooth service problem: How to control the behavior of administrative personnel with different characteristics of government agencies’ basic level?
(5) Analysis of behaviors of high-level civil servants and political officials: scope of strength, strategy and innovation
(6) Cross-country comparison of bureaucratic organizations
(7) Related topics of government bureaucratic organization system design: changes in administrative systems (roots of problems and changes)
指訂教科書
自編中文講義。基本架構取材於James Q. Wilson（2000）Bureaucracy: What Agencies Do and Why They Do It. CA: The Basic Books, Inc.
參考書目
William A. Niskanen, Jr.（2007）Bureaucracy and Public Economics, Vermont: Edward Elgard Publishing Company
Daniel P. Carpenter（2001）The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862-1928. N.J.: Princeton University Press.
David E. Lewis(2008)The Politics of Presidential Appointments: Political Control and Bureaucratic Performance N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Paul C. Light (1995) Thickening Government: Federal Hierarchy and the Diffusion of Accountability Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press
其他重要期刊論文
Ordering education and science books
Self-edited Chinese lectures. The basic structure is based on James Q. Wilson (2000) Bureaucracy: What Agencies Do and Why They Do It. CA: The Basic Books, Inc.
Reference books
William A. Niskanen, Jr. (2007) Bureaucracy and Public Economics, Vermont: Edward Elgard Publishing Company
Daniel P. Carpenter (2001) The Forging of Bureau Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862-1928. N.J.: Princeton University Press.
David E. Lewis(2008)The Politics of Presidential Appointments: Political Control and Bureau Performance N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Paul C. Light (1995) Thickening Government: Federal Hierarchy and the Diffusion of Accountability Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press
Other important journal articles
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 期中考試期中考試 Midterm exam |
40 | 第一堂上課說明 |
| 期末書面報告期末書面報告 Final period written report |
40 | 第一堂上課說明 |
| 出席率與課堂參與出席率與課堂參與 Attendance and class participation |
20 | 第一堂上課說明 |
