社區的概念來自西方社區主義(communitarianism)一詞，其除了具有公益精神以及社群意識的內涵，更扮演落實地方基層民主與健全公民社會的重要精神象徵。在都市發展的意義上，社區一方面作為都市發展的基層單元，並且與都會治理各層面息息相關，因此，本課程將透過社區與都市的緊密關係，論述社區與都市緣起、都市環境、都市計畫、政策擬定、政商團體、政府角色，以及都市改革等內容的連結性。The concept of community comes from the Western term community theory. In addition to having the connotation of public welfare and community consciousness, it also plays an important spiritual symbol of implementing local basic democracy and improving civil society. In terms of urban development, on the one hand, the community is the foundation unit of urban development and is closely related to the governance of all aspects of the metropolitan governance. Therefore, this course will discuss the connection between the community and the city through the close relationship between the community and the city, urban environment, urban planning, policy determination, government and business groups, government roles, and urban reform.
社區發展工作幾十年來在台灣都市化與現代化的過程當中受到政府與民間高度的重視。例如以辦理精神倫理建設、生產福利建設及公共設施建設為目的的傳統「社區發展」。以文化、名人、土地、景觀與產業為核心的「社區總體營造」。收空間建築與景觀為對象的「城鄉新風貌」與「美麗新故鄉」。以發展地方產業為目標的「社區文化產業化」與「社區產業文化化」。以發展特定族群文化為內涵的「新客家運動」。以社會福利為主的「福利社區化」與「社區照護」。以人民衛生健康為目標的「健康社區」。以服務老人為目的「友善高齡社區」。以災害防救為重點的「防災社區」與「防災型社區更新」。以促進遊憩休閒為目的的「觀光社區」。以維護社區安全的「社區守望相助」、「社區巡守」與「社區聯防」。以環境保護為目的的「環保社區」、「綠色社區」與「生態社區」。以資源利用為對象的「社區閒置空間再利用」與「社區資源回收」。以教育與學習為中心的「家庭教育社區」、「學習型社區」與「社區大學」。以促進商業繁榮的「形象商圈」與「商店街區再造」。以人才培訓為社區發展項目的「社區培力」及以提升社區能力解決社會問題的「社區充權」與「社區授能」……等等，都大力強調社區發展工作的方法運用與操作。近年來各級地方政府在促進都市發展的大前提之下，很多方面的施政如：交通、安全、治安、環保、社會福利、公共衛生、傳染病防疫、災害防救、教育、文化、建築、古蹟、生態保育等，污染防治、產業與經濟，遊憩休閒、旅遊觀光及都市行銷等的推動，也都非常非重視以地方鄰里社區為範圍或場域的工作推動。社區是都市社會與都市空間的基本結構，都市人口沒有一個人不居生活在一個社區內，任何人可以沒有家庭，但不可能脫離社區而生活，很多人可以到處旅行或流浪，無一固定住所，但一定有一個固定身份歸屬的鄰里社區，這個社區可以是出生地或戶口所在地，也可以說是他們的故鄉。所以，社區的存在與發展與整個都市的發展是息息相關的，假若都市內所有的社區治理都能做得澈底，都市就能全面健全發展。
數十年以來，在“社區主義、社區運動、社區營造、社區治理……”等社區狂熱的驅動下，傳統上將社區發展列為三大社會工作方法之一的社區工作變成十分重要。各級地方政府在都市發展的大前提下，為了實現都市發展的政策與目標，如何強化社區發展工作的方法與途徑，如何提高社區發展的更多內涵與項目，及如何充分落實社區充權與授能以解決社區問題，就成為「都市與社區發展」所要研究的重要課題與內容。
都市與社區發展之所以能成為一門課程，主要是因為社區一方面是都市空間、都市社會、都市行政區劃及都市計畫的基礎單元，另一方面，係因其發展更是全方面的與都市行政與都市治理息息相關。社區的公共事務與問題包羅萬象，有時甚至錯綜複雜，每週僅授課三小時，要求學生融會貫通，自非易事。因此本課程的講授，要注意原則的把握，主要為確立課程組織體系，執簡馭繁，劃定範圍，分層講授，闡明原理，決擇要點，俾便學生能吸取要義。
Over the past decade, community development work has been highly valued by the government and the people in the process of urbanization and modernization in Taiwan. For example, the traditional "community development" aimed at the purpose of managing spiritual and ethical construction, production welfare construction and public facilities construction. "Community General Construction" with culture, celebrities, land, landscape and industry as the core. The "new style of the city and the "beautiful and new old town" are the objects of space construction and landscape. "Community culturalization" and "Community culturalization" aimed at developing local industries. "New Hakka Movement" with the connotation of developing specific ethnic cultures. "Welfare communityization" and "Community Care" focused on social welfare. A "health community" aimed at people's health and well-being. "Friendly high-end community" for the purpose of serving the elderly. "Disaster Prevention Community" and "Disaster Prevention Community Update" focus on disaster prevention and rescue. The "Viewing Community" aims to promote leisure and leisure. "Community Watch and Help", "Community Patrol" and "Community Defense" to maintain community security. "Environmental Security Community", "Green Community" and "Eco-Environmental Community" for the purpose of environmental protection. "Community space reuse" and "Community resource recycling" targeting resource utilization. "Family Education Community", "Learning-oriented Community" and "Community University" centered on education and learning. To promote the prosperity of business, the "image business district" and the "reinvention of shopping streets". The "community training" for community development projects, "community recharge" and "community empowerment" to improve community capabilities to solve social problems... etc., have vigorously emphasized the application and operation of community development work methods. In recent years, under the premise of promoting urban development, local governments of all levels have implemented many aspects of governance, such as transportation, safety, public security, environmental protection, social welfare, public health, epidemic prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, disaster prevention and rescue, education, culture, architecture, ancients, ecological conservation, etc., pollution prevention and control, industry and economy, travel and leisure, tourism and urban marketing, etc., and have also paid great attention to the promotion of work based on local communities or areas. A community is the basic structure of urban society and urban space. No one does not live in a community. No one in the urban population can live without a family, but it is impossible to live outside the community. Many people can travel or wander around, without a fixed residence, but there must be a neighborhood community with a fixed identity. This community can be the place of birth or the location of the client, or it can be said to be their hometown. Therefore, the existence and development of a community are closely related to the development of the entire city. If all community governance in the city can be thoroughly done, the city can develop comprehensively and soundly.
For decades, under the motivated drive of community motivation such as "communityism, community movement, community construction, community governance...", it has become very important to traditionally list community development as one of the three major social work methods. Under the premise of urban development, local governments of all levels have become important topics and contents to study "Urban and Community Development" in order to realize the policies and goals of urban development, how to strengthen the methods and paths of community development, how to improve more connotations and projects of community development, and how to fully implement community power and empowerment to solve community problems.
The reason why urban and community development can become a course is mainly because the community is a basic unit of urban space, urban society, urban administrative district planning and urban planning. On the other hand, its development is closely related to urban administration and urban governance in all aspects. The community's public affairs and problems are numerous and sometimes complicated. They only teach three hours a week, and it is not easy to ask students to understand and understand. Therefore, in the lectures of this course, we should pay attention to the grasp of principles. We mainly establish the course organization system, make it simple and complex, plan the scope, teach it in different levels, clarify the principles, and decide the key points so that students can absorb the key points.
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| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 出席率出席率 Attendance rate |
20 | |
| 期中考期中考 Midterm exam |
20 | |
| 期中報告期中報告 Midterm Report |
30 | |
| 期末考期末考 Final exam |
20 | |
| 課堂表現課堂表現 Classroom performance |
10 |
