社會階層(social stratification)一向是社會學界的中心議題，也是社會學家在瞭解社會不平等所使用的重要概念，更是市民社會裡在政策辯論時的爭議焦點。在現代社會裡，貧富差距、階級藩籬、性別差異與族群分歧往往透過個人不同身分或所屬群體而出現團體間有不平等的現象，更具體的說，在各種社會生活的場域裡，如嫁娶、擇屋、工作及升遷、教育及醫療資源的取得、收入、休閒型態上均可見不平等的現象。
一般而言，現代社會界定層級的主要標準有收入、財富、職業、種族、與性別，在階層體制裡位階的高低通常代表財富的大小、階級的異同、地位的高低、權力的多寡與文化的差別。而社會流動是社會階層化的動態面，也是創造、改變、及穩定階層結構的過程。人們的社會階層地位發生改變的現象，其流量大小常被視為社會開放程度的指標。
運用階級結構的概念來解釋社會行動與各種支配、從屬關係，一直是社會學研究的主要取向之一。社會學家關注社會階層化必然存在的嗎？有功用嗎？如何產生？對社會有什麼影響？本課程的主要目的是介紹與討論社會階層與流動的理論與研究，我們將就階層體制的種類、社會階層的理論、社會流動的模式與台灣的社會階層等議題進行討論。首先介紹階層化的結構與形式、古典及現代階層化理論的源流、以及階級結構之分析。進而從教育體制、文化、社會資本及族群與性別的區隔來探討造成社會不平等的原因。Social stratification has always been a central issue in sociology. It is also an important concept used by sociologists to understand social inequality. It is also a focus of controversy in policy debates in civil society. In modern society, the gap between rich and poor, class barriers, gender differences and ethnic differences often lead to inequality between groups through different identities or groups of individuals. More specifically, in various fields of social life, such as marriage, Inequality can be seen in marriage, house selection, work and promotion, access to education and medical resources, income, and leisure patterns.
Generally speaking, the main criteria for defining levels in modern society are income, wealth, occupation, race, and gender. In the class system, rank usually represents wealth, class similarities and differences, status, power, and culture. difference. Social mobility is a dynamic aspect of social stratification and a process of creating, changing, and stabilizing class structure. The phenomenon of people's social class status changing, and its flow size is often regarded as an indicator of the degree of social openness.
Using the concept of class structure to explain social actions and various relationships of dominance and subordination has always been one of the main directions in sociological research. Are sociologists concerned about the inevitable existence of social stratification? Does it have any function? How is it produced? What impact does it have on society? The main purpose of this course is to introduce and discuss the theory and research of social class and mobility. We will discuss the types of class systems, theories of social class, models of social mobility, and social class in Taiwan. First, it introduces the structure and form of stratification, the origins of classical and modern stratification theories, and the analysis of class structure. Then we explore the causes of social inequality from the perspective of education system, culture, social capital, and ethnic and gender distinctions.
參考讀物：
Giddens, A.；簡惠美譯，1994，資本主義與現代社會理論：馬克思•涂爾幹•韋伯。台北：遠流出版。
Matras, J.；李明 譯，1990，社會不平等：社會階層化與流動，台北：桂冠。第2章Pp.47-66。
蕭新煌編，1989，變遷中台灣社會的中產階級，台北：巨流。
蔡明璋，1996，台灣的貧窮：下層階級的結構分析。台北：巨流。
陳東升，1995，金權城市。台北：巨流。
王振寰，1996，誰統治台灣。台北：巨流。
蔡淑鈴，2001，”語言使用與職業階層化的關係：比較台灣男性的族群差異”。台灣社會學研究1：1-44。
許嘉猷，1994，階級結構與階級意識比較研究論文集。台北：中研院歐美所。
林南，1997，”制度與文化資本的消長：台灣社會階層化和社會流動的分析”。收錄於張苙雲，呂玉瑕，王甫昌編，九零年代的台灣社會，頁103-145。台北：中研院社會學所。
Blau, Peter M., and Otis D. Duncan. 1967. The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley. pp. 163-77, 199-205.
薛承泰，1995，”台灣的地位取得研究：回顧與前瞻”，收錄於章英華，傅仰止，與瞿海源編，台灣社會調查與分析。台北：中研院民族所。
Goldthorpe, John H. 1980, Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, ch.1.
Goldthorpe, John H. 2000. "Outline a Theory of Social Mobility." Pp. 230-258 in On Sociology: Numbers, Narratives, and the Integration of Research and Theory, edited by J. H. Goldthorpe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tsai, Reuy Ming. 1997.“Leaving the Farmland: Class Structure Transformation and Social Mobility in Taiwan.” 90年代的台灣社會：社會變遷基本調查研究系列二(上).
黃毅志，1992，”結構變遷與地位取得之關係：以教育擴充為例”。中國社會學刊，16，89-105。
Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. "The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited." Pp.105-130 in Social Structure and Network Analysis, edited by M. Peter and N. Lin. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
林南；林祐聖、葉欣怡 譯，2005，社會資本，台北：弘智。
駱明慶，2002，“誰是台大學生？性別、省籍與城鄉差異”。經濟論文叢刊，30：113-147。
陳建州、劉正，2004，”論多元入學方案之教育機會均等性”。教育研究集刊，50（4），115-146。
蔡淑玲，1988，”社會地位取得：山地、閩客、及外省之比較”，收錄於變遷中的台灣社會，中研院民族所，頁1-44。
吳乃德，1997，”檳榔和拖鞋、西裝及皮鞋:臺灣階級流動的族群差異及其原因”，台灣社會學研究 1:137-167。
謝國雄，1997，純勞動，台北：中研院社會所。第2章pp.39-79。
柯志明，1993，台灣都市小型製造業的創業、經營與生產組織：以五分埔成衣製造業為案例的分析。中研院民族所。
托瑪．皮凱提；詹文碩 譯，2014，二十一世紀資本論，台北：衛城出版。
Reference reading:
Giddens, A.; translated by Jian Huimei, 1994, Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: Max Durkheim Weber. Taipei: Yuanliu Publishing.
Matras, J.; translated by Li Ming, 1990, Social Inequality: Social Stratification and Mobility, Taipei: Laurel. Chapter 2 pp.47-66.
Xiao Xinhuang (ed.), 1989, The Middle Class in Changing Taiwanese Society, Taipei: Juliu.
Ming-Chang Tsai, 1996, Poverty in Taiwan: A structural analysis of the underclass. Taipei: Juliu.
Chen Dongsheng, 1995, Golden Power City. Taipei: Juliu.
Wang Zhenhuan, 1996, Who Rules Taiwan. Taipei: Juliu.
Shuling Tsai, 2001, "The relationship between language use and occupational stratification: Comparing ethnic differences among Taiwanese men." Taiwan Sociological Research 1: 1-44.
Xu Jiayou, 1994, Collection of Comparative Research Papers on Class Structure and Class Consciousness. Taipei: Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica.
Lin Nan, 1997, "The Growth and Decline of Institutions and Cultural Capital: An Analysis of Social Stratification and Social Mobility in Taiwan." Collected in Zhang Longyun, Lu Yuxia, and Wang Fuchang, Taiwan Society in the 1990s, pp. 103-145. Taipei: Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica.
Blau, Peter M., and Otis D. Duncan. 1967. The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley. pp. 163-77, 199-205.
Xue Chengtai, 1995, "Research on Taiwan's Status Acquisition: Review and Prospect", collected in Zhang Yinghua, Fu Yangzhi, and Qu Haiyuan, eds., Taiwan Social Survey and Analysis. Taipei: Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica.
Goldthorpe, John H. 1980, Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, ch.1.
Goldthorpe, John H. 2000. "Outline a Theory of Social Mobility." Pp. 230-258 in On Sociology: Numbers, Narratives, and the Integration of Research and Theory, edited by J. H. Goldthorpe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tsai, Reuy Ming. 1997. "Leaving the Farmland: Class Structure Transformation and Social Mobility in Taiwan." Taiwan Society in the 1990s: Basic Survey and Research Series on Social Change (Part 1).
Huang Yizhi, 1992, "The relationship between structural change and status acquisition: taking educational expansion as an example." Chinese Journal of Sociology, 16, 89-105.
Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. "The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited." Pp.105-130 in Social Structure and Network Analysis, edited by M. Peter and N. Lin. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Translated by Lin Nan; Lin Yousheng and Ye Xinyi, 2005, Social Capital, Taipei: Hongzhi.
Luo Mingqing, 2002, "Who are National Taiwan University students? Gender, provincial origin and urban-rural differences." Economic Papers Series, 30: 113-147.
Chen Jianzhou and Liu Zheng, 2004, "On the Equality of Educational Opportunities in Multiple Enrollment Programs." Journal of Educational Research, 50(4), 115-146.
Shuling Tsai, 1988, "Acquisition of Social Status: A Comparison between Mountaineers, Fujianese, and Other Provinces", in Changing Taiwanese Society, Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, pp. 1-44.
Wu Naide, 1997, "Betel nuts and slippers, suits and leather shoes: Ethnic differences and causes of class mobility in Taiwan", Taiwan Sociological Research 1: 137-167.
Xie Guoxiong, 1997, Pure Labor, Taipei: Institute of Social Sciences, Academia Sinica. Chapter 2 pp.39-79.
Ke Zhiming, 1993, Entrepreneurship, management and production organization of Taiwan's urban small-scale manufacturing industry: A case study of Wufenpu garment manufacturing industry. Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica.
Thomas. Piketty; translated by Zhan Wenshuo, 2014, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Taipei: Acropolis Publishing.
| 評分項目 Grading Method | 配分比例 Grading percentage | 說明 Description |
|---|---|---|
| 課堂引言與三次作業課堂引言與三次作業 Class Introduction and Three Assignments |
60 | 課堂引言與三次作業各佔15％ |
| 期末報告期末報告 Final report |
40 |
