了解視覺之生理機制；與個體生存及行為、生態環境之關係。

Understand the physiological mechanisms of vision; the relationship with individual survival, behavior, and ecological environment.

1. Warrant, EJ. 2008. Seeing in the dark: vision and visual behaviour in nocturnal bees and wasps. Journal of Experimental Biology. 211:1737-1746.
2. Norgaard, T., Nilsson, DE., Henschel, JR, Garm A. and Weher, R. 2008. Vision in the nocturnal wandering spider Leucorchestris arenicola (Araneae: Sparassidae). Journal of Experimental Biolgoy. 211:816-823.
3. Vincenzo, P., Maria dMD., Carlos, AA and Fabrizio, S. 2007. The importance of visual cues for nocturnal species: eagle owls signal by badge brightness. Behavioral Ecology. 18:143-147.
4. Yack, JE., Johnson, SE., Brown, SG. And Warrant EJ. 2007. The eyes of Macrosoma sp (Lepidoptera:Hedyloidea):A nocturnal butterfly with superposition optics. Arthropod Structure and Development. 36:11-22.
5. Briscoe, AD and Chittka L. 2001. The evolution of color vision in insects. Annual Review of Entomology. 46:471-510.
6. Kelber A., Vorobyev M and Osorio D. 2003. Animal colour vision – behavioural tests and physiological concepts. Biological Review. 78:81-118.
7. Vorobyev, M. and Brant, R. 1997. How do insect pollinators discriminate colors? Israel Journal of Plant Sciences. 45: 103-113.
8. Warrant, EJ. 1999. Seeing better at night: life style, eye design and the optimum strategy of spatial and temporal summation. Vision Research. 39: 1611-1630.
9. Johnsen, S., Kelber, A., Warrant, EJ., Sweeney, AM., Widder, EA., Lee, RL. and Javier, HA. 2006. Crepuscular and nocturnal illumination and its effects on color perception by the nocturnal hawkmoth Deilephila elpenor. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209: 789-800.
10. Kelber, A., Balkenius, A. and Warrant EJ. 2003. Colour vision in diurnal and nocturnal Hawkmoths. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 43: 571-579.
11. Kelber, A. and Roth, LSV. Nocturnal colour vision – not as rare as we might think. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209: 781-788.
12. Raguso, RA and Willis, MA. 2005. Synergy between visual and olfactory cues in nectar feeding by wild hawkmoths, Manduca

1. Warrant, EJ. 2008. Seeing in the dark: vision and visual behaviour in nocturnal bees and wasps. Journal of Experimental Biology. 211:1737-1746.
2. Norgaard, T., Nilsson, DE., Henschel, JR, Garm A. and Weher, R. 2008. Vision in the nocturnal winding spider Leucorchestris arenicola (Araneae: Sparassidae). Journal of Experimental Biolgoy. 211:816-823.
3. Vincenzo, P., Maria dMD., Carlos, AA and Fabrizio, S. 2007. The importance of visual cues for nocturnal species: eagle owls signal by badge brightness. Behavioral Ecology. 18:143-147.
4. Yack, JE., Johnson, SE., Brown, SG. And Warrant EJ. 2007. The eyes of Macrosoma sp (Lepidoptera:Hedyloidea):A nocturnal butterfly with superposition optics. Arthropod Structure and Development. 36:11-22.
5. Briscoe, AD and Chittka L. 2001. The evolution of color vision in insects. Annual Review of Entomology. 46:471-510.
6. Kelber A., ​​Vorobyev M and Osorio D. 2003. Animal colour vision – behavioral tests and physical concepts. Biological Review. 78:81-118.
7. Vorobyev, M. and Brant, R. 1997. How do insect pollinators discriminate colors? Israel Journal of Plant Sciences. 45: 103-113.
8. Warrant, EJ. 1999. Seeing better at night: life style, eye design and the optimum strategy of spatial and temporal summation. Vision Research. 39: 1611-1630.
9. Johnsen, S., Kelber, A., Warrant, EJ., Sweeney, AM., Widder, EA., Lee, RL. and Javier, HA. 2006. Crepuscular and nocturnal illumination and its effects on color perception by the nocturnal hawkmoth Deilephila elpenor. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209: 789-800.
10. Kelber, A., Balkenius, A. and Warrant EJ. 2003. Colour vision in diurnal and nocturnal Hawkmoths. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 43: 571-579.
11. Kelber, A. and Roth, LSV. Nocturnal colour vision – not as rare as we might think. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 209: 781-788.
12. Raguso, RA and Willis, MA. 2005. Synergy between visual and olfactory cues in narrow feeding by wild hawkmoths, Manduca