康德(I. Kant, 1724-1804)的批判哲學宗旨在回答"人是什麼?"的問題, 康德分別以純粹理性批判, 實踐理性批判, 以及判斷力批判等三書回答有關人在知識論(知性), 倫理學(道德)以及美感、目的論方面逆所求能的能力問題, 這些雖是廣義的人性探討的範域; 但稍晚在單粹理性限度內宗教一書中明白論及人性(human nature)的問題, 以及在道德形上學一書中延申德性(virtue)的論點, 他認為, 人在本性上存在根本惡, 卻又有向善的稟賦, 人之採納善原則或惡原則才是我們判斷人的行動之道德與否的關鍵, 而且, 人性中道德情感的成分影響德性的至善完滿。本課程選擇聚焦在康德有關道德哲學範域的人性論, 目標之一是由此探究康德的道德哲學與人性論的關係, 進而做為學員研究廣義的倫理學時得以參照、比較或批判各種學派觀點的預備工作。

The purpose of Kant's (1724-1804) critical philosophy is to answer the question "What is man?". Kant used three books: The Critique of Pure Reason, the Critique of Practical Reason, and the Critique of Judgment to answer questions about man's ability to do things against his will in terms of epistemology (intelligence), ethics (morality), aesthetics, and teleology. Although these are the scope of the discussion of human nature in a broad sense; But later in the book Religion Within the Limits of Mere Reason, the issue of human nature was clearly discussed. As well as extending the argument of virtue in his book Metaphysics of Morals, he believes that people are fundamentally evil in nature, but they are also endowed with good intentions. The adoption of good principles or evil principles is the key to our judgment of the morality of people's actions. Moreover, the moral emotional component of human nature affects the perfection of virtue. This course chooses to focus on Kant’s theory of human nature in the scope of moral philosophy. One of the goals is to explore the relationship between Kant’s moral philosophy and his theory of human nature, so as to prepare students to refer to, compare or criticize the views of various schools when studying ethics in a broad sense.

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I. Kant, 康德著作全集-第六卷: 純然理性界限度內宗教、道德形而上學, 主秋零主編, 北京: 中國人民大學出版社, 2010。
I. Kant, 實踐理性批判, 鄧曉芒譯, 台北: 聯經, 2004。
黃振華, 論康德哲學, 李明輝主編, 台北: 時英, 2005。
李明輝, 儒家與康德, 台北: 聯經, 1990。
牟宗三, 圓善論, 台北: 學生書局, 1996。

I. Kant, Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone, trans. by T. M. Greene, New York: Harper/ Baker & Taylor Books, 1960/2011.
I. Kant, The Complete Works of Kant - Volume Six: Religion and Moral Metaphysics within the Boundaries of Pure Reason, edited by Zhu Qiuling, Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2010.
I. Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, translated by Deng Xiaomang, Taipei: Lianjing, 2004.
Huang Zhenhua, On Kant's Philosophy, edited by Li Minghui, Taipei: Shiying, 2005.
Li Minghui, Confucianism and Kant, Taipei: Lian Jing, 1990.
Mou Zongsan, Theory of Perfection, Taipei: Student Publishing House, 1996.